Abstract：
:Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is an essential part of the definition of asthma. Although our understanding of the allergic inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms of asthma have markedly increased, the mechanism of BHR remains to be elucidated. Increased BHR is associated temporally with exposure to allergens, certain respiratory viruses, pollutants such as ozone, and certain occupational chemicals. An important research use of determining the degree of BHR to direct and indirect challenge is to determine the efficacy of pharmacologic and immunodulatory agents. Beta-adrenergic agents inhibit BHR and certain genetic polymorphisms of the beta-adrenergic receptor are associated with increased BHR. When beta-adrenergic receptors are blocked, sensitivity to allergens is markedly increased in patients with asthma and animal models of asthma. Allergen challenge and clinical asthma are associated with synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF-alpha which have been shown to decrease the response to beta-agonists and increased the reactivity to methacholine and the airways neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. The Th2 cytokine IL-13 is increased in the airways of asthmatics and increases BHR in normal unsensitized animals. The mechanisms of this effect of IL-13 are being intensively investigated. Our group has shown that IL-13 induced BHR persisted for at least 7 days and the soluble receptor IL-13R2alpha protected against their BHR. Other investigators have demonstrated that IL-13 is necessary and sufficient for the induction of BHR and that eosinophilic airway inflammation in the absence of IL-13 fails to induce BHR. These studies indicate that treatment of human asthma with antagonists of IL-13 may be very effective.
journal_name
Clin Rev Allergy Immunoljournal_title
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunologyauthors
Townley RG,Horiba Mdoi
10.1385/CRIAI:24:1:85subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-02-01 00:00:00pages
85-110issue
1eissn
1080-0549issn
1559-0267pii
CRIAI:24:1:85journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Bronchiolitis is a common, acute, contagious lower respiratory tract illness of infants and young children. The majority of cases are secondary to respiratory syncytial virus. There are a number of risk factors for severe disease, including children less than six weeks of age and patients with atopy and/or asthma. The...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:25:3:249
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-008-8085-y
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-011-8275-x
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-009-8128-z
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02826585
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8402-y
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8580-5
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-018-8724-x
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:29:1:003
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8611-x
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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doi：10.1007/s12016-017-8629-0
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
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更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
