Abstract：
:G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors in nature and mediate the effects of a variety of extracellular signals, such as hormone, neurotransmitter, odor, and light signals. Due to their involvement in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes and their accessibility, GPCRs are widely used as pharmacological targets of treatment. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found, and they not only play important roles in various physiological functions, such as sensory perception, reproduction, development, growth, metabolism, and responsiveness, but are also closely related to many major diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Recently, many studies have reported that oGPCRs play increasingly important roles as key factors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, oGPCRs are likely to become potential therapeutic targets and may provide a breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we focus on reviewing the recent research progress and clinical treatment effects of oGPCRs in three common autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), shedding light on novel strategies for treatments.
journal_name
Clin Rev Allergy Immunoljournal_title
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunologyauthors
Zhao M,Wang Z,Yang M,Ding Y,Zhao M,Wu H,Zhang Y,Lu Qdoi
10.1007/s12016-020-08829-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-07 00:00:00eissn
1080-0549issn
1559-0267pii
10.1007/s12016-020-08829-ypub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Pulmonary function testing is useful for the diagnosis and management of a variety of pulmonary conditions, and the most commonly obtained component is spirometry. Spirometry is most useful in the evaluation of obstructive airway disorders but can be a helpful tool in the management of patients with chest restriction ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-009-8128-z
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a rare inflammatory liver disease for which ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only therapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Patients with a biochemical response to UDCA therapy have a similar survival rate compared to the general population. However, up to 40% of P...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8456-5
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a central regulator of inflammation, and TNF-α antagonists may be effective in treating inflammatory disorders in which TNF-α plays a major pathogenic role. TNF-α has also been associated with inflammatory mechanisms related to implantation, placentation, and pregnancy outcome. TNF-α...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8596-x
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pruritus, fatigue, and metabolic bone disease are frequent complications of cholestatic liver diseases, which can be quite distressing for the patient and can considerably reduce the quality of life. The molecular pathogenesis of these extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis is poorly understood, and hypotheses to ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:28:2:147
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As physiological pathways of intercellular communication produced by all cells, cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory insulitis as well as pivotal mediators of immune homeostasis. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins, interferons, transforming growth factor-β, tumor necrosis factor-α, ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8587-y
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with primary immunodeficiencies are prone to develop enteropathy of unknown pathogenesis. We hypothesize that ineffective clearance of gastrointestinal pathogens, particularly viruses, in combination with defective immune regulation may cause inflammatory enteropathy in certain immunodeficient hosts. We revie...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-011-8292-9
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Available data on small numbers of patients with refractory and/or relapsing Wegener's granulomatosis support very good overall outcomes with rituximab, an anti-CD20 biotherapy targeting B cells, in combination with ongoing immunosuppressants, apparently independently of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) status...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-8026-1
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resolvins, belonging to the group of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), are metabolic products of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and are synthesized during the initial phases of acute inflammatory responses to promote the resolution of inflammation. Resolvins are produced for termination of ne...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-019-08754-9
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As summarized in Table 1, the literature consistently supports the hypothesis that allergic asthmatic patients have seasonal BHR changes that parallel allergen exposure. These seasonal changes appear to be preventable by treatment with corticosteroids (systemic, inhaled, or nasal), disodium cromoglycate, and immunothe...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02826585
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the last decade, B regulatory cells are appreciated to have a central role in preventing autoimmunity and maintaining self-tolerance. They are characterized by expressing different phenotypic markers and the production of either IL-10 or TGF-β or both. The recent recognition of Fas ligand expressing B regulator...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-016-8572-5
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis has innumerable clinical manifestations, as the disease may affect every body organ. Furthermore, the severity of sarcoidosis involvement may range from an asymptomatic state to a life-threatening condition. This manuscript reviews a wide variety of common and less common clinical characteristics of sarcoi...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8450-y
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The critical asthma syndrome (CAS) encompasses the most severe, persistent, refractory asthma patients for the clinician to manage. Personalized pharmacotherapy is necessary to prevent the next acute severe asthma exacerbation, not just the control of symptoms. The 2007 National Asthma Education and Prevention Program...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8393-8
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic disease of the liver and bile ducts that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, generally leads to end-stage liver disease, and is complicated by malignancies of the biliary tree and the large intestine. The pathogenesis of PSC remains enigmati...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-008-8085-y
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to a variety of stimuli. NETosis is driven by protein-arginine deiminase type 4, with the release of intracellular granule components that function by capturing and destroying microbes, including viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pat...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08804-7
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the important factors and consequences in persistent asthma is the change in the vasculature of the airways and lung parenchyma. These changes could contribute to worsening asthma control and predispose asthmatics to critical asthma syndromes. For many years, the contribution of vasculature to severe asthma was...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8420-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antityrosinase antibody is a newly detected antibody in the sera of patients with melanoma or vitiligo. The serum level of the antibody is measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The autoantigen is tyrosinase itself, the enzyme that participates in pigment (melanin) formation by both melanocytes and mel...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02737633
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allergic diseases are surprisingly common, chronic health conditions. The primary location where the vast majority of people are exposed to allergens and other substances is in their home. This means it is important to understand home environments and how a home's systems function and interact-and that how we occupy t...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-018-8724-x
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Illicit stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamine, and their derivatives (e.g., "ecstasy"), continue to exact heavy toll on health care in both developed and developing countries. The US Department of Health and Human Service reported over one million illicit drug-related emergency department visits in 2010, which was ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8376-9
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acid anhydrides are used by chemical industries as plasticizers. Trimellitic acid (TMA) is an acid anhydride widely utilized in factories to produce paints, varnishes, and plastics. In addition to causing direct irritant effects, TMA can augment antibody responses in exposed factory workers leading to occupational ast...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08801-w
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) or clinic with acute exacerbation of asthma (AEA) can be very challenging varying in both severity and response to therapy. High-dose, frequent or continuous nebulized short-acting beta2 agonist (SABA) therapy that can be combined with a short-acting muscarinic anta...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-014-8448-5
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin tests by prick technique offer considerable guidance in the diagnosis of food allergy. Negative prick skin tests are powerful evidence against food allergy. Positive food skin tests are slightly to moderately predictive of reaction to a food on DBPCFC. Oral food challenge is necessary for confirmation of food all...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02737614
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heart is a target organ in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Endocardial disease, intracardiac thrombosis, myocardial involvement including coronary heart disease and microvascular thrombosis, as well as pulmonary hypertension have all been described in APS patients. Valvular involvement is the most common manifest...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-007-0013-z
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition with no approved curative therapy. A number of food allergen immunotherapies are being investigated in phase II/III trials; however, these are limited in their ability to restore immune tolerance to food allergens and often result in high rates of allergic side ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-018-8694-z
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized histologically by the presence of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis of the small interlobular bile duct, leading to chronic progressive cholestasis. Most PBC patients are asymptomatic and have a reasonable prognosis, but a few develop esophageal varices or...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-015-8482-y
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced bone mineral density is frequently found especially in adult celiac disease (CD) and dietary guidelines favor vitamin D supplementation in adults and children with CD. Vitamin D serum levels were investigated in CD populations in order to challenge its routine supplementation. Israeli (61), Spanish (59), CD ch...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s12016-010-8237-8
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although allergic asthma was described to be associated with the presence of mucosal T helper (Th)2 cells, it is not entirely clear which factors are responsible for priming of T cells to differentiate into Th2 effector cells in this disease. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been recognized as important because it is secreted b...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:28:3:257
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a chronic immunological disease affecting all age groups, but often starting in childhood. Although it has long been ascribed to a single pathology, recent studies have highlighted its heterogeneity due to the potential involvement of various pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we present our current understanding ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08784-8
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hyper IgM syndromes are a group of rare inherited immune deficiency disorders characterized by impairment of immunoglobulin isotype switching resulting from defects in the CD40 ligand/CD40 signaling pathway. X-linked forms of hyper IgM are caused by defects in the CD40 ligand gene or NF-κB essential modulator, whi...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-013-8378-7
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In inflammatory rheumatic disorders, the immune system attacks and damages the connective tissues and invariably internal organs. During the past decade, remarkable advances having been made towards our understanding on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in rheumatic diseases. The discovery of IL-23/IL-17 ...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s12016-020-08823-4
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is the most common potentially serious medical problem to complicate pregnancy. Recent reports suggest that 7 of every 100 pregnant women suffer from asthma during pregnancy. Asthmatic women have been shown to be at an increased risk of complications during pregnancy. This may be secondary to inadequately contr...
journal_title：Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1385/CRIAI:26:3:139
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
