Inhibition of CRISPR-Cas systems by mobile genetic elements.

abstract：:Inflammasomes - molecular platforms for caspase-1 activation - have emerged as common hubs for a number of pathways that detect and respond to bacterial pathogens. Caspase-1 activation results in the secretion of bioactive IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis, and thus launches a systemic immune and inflammatory response. I...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Eldridge MJ,Shenoy AR

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence, augmented by new data on gene expression and function, continues to yield new findings about eukaryote genome evolution. Analysis of the duplicate gene pairs formed by whole-genome duplication indicates that selection for increased levels of gene expression was a significa...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Seoighe C,Wolfe KH

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haloalkaliphiles are double extremophilic organisms thriving both at high salinity and alkaline pH. Although numerous haloalkaliphilic representatives have been identified among Archaea and Bacteria over the past 15 years, the adaptations underlying their prosperity at haloalkaline conditions are scarcely known. A mul...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Banciu HL,Muntyan MS

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasingly diverse array of clinically relevant animal models of candidiasis have been established that mimic both the immune perturbations of the host and tissue-specific features of candidiasis in humans. Cause-and-effect analysis of Candida host-pathogen interactions using these animal models has made a quantu...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： de Repentigny L

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane shape is functionally linked with many cellular processes. The limiting membrane of vacuoles containing Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium apicomplexan parasites lies at the host-parasite interface. This membrane comprises intra-vacuolar and extra-vacuolar tubulo-vesicular deformations, which influence host-par...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Santi-Rocca J,Blanchard N

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All organisms must secure essential trace nutrients, including iron, zinc, manganese and copper for survival and proliferation. However, these very nutrients are also highly toxic if present at elevated levels. Mammalian immunity has harnessed both the essentiality and toxicity of micronutrients to defend against micr...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Ballou ER,Wilson D

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS), a normal constituent of the intestinal microbiota is the major cause of human neonatal infections and a worldwide spread 'hypervirulent' clone, GBS ST-17, is strongly associated with neonatal meningitis. Adhesion to epithelial and endothelial cells constitutes a k...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Tazi A,Bellais S,Tardieux I,Dramsi S,Trieu-Cuot P,Poyart C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical communication between cells ensures coordination of behavior. In prokaryotes, this chemical communication is usually referred to as quorum sensing, while eukaryotic cells signal through hormones. In the past years, a growing number of reports have shown that bacterial quorum sensing signals, called autoinduce...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Pacheco AR,Sperandio V

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The environment is suffused with nearly countless types of fungi, and our immune systems must be tuned to cope with constant exposure to them. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that many surfaces of our bodies are colonized with complex populations of fungi (the mycobiome) in the same way that they are co...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Iliev ID,Underhill DM

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N(6)-methyl-adenines can serve as epigenetic signals for interactions between regulatory DNA sequences and regulatory proteins that control cellular functions, such as the initiation of chromosome replication or the expression of specific genes. Several of these genes encode master regulators of the bacterial cell cyc...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Collier J

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An understanding of the molecular bases of pathogenicity in Blastomyces dermatitidis and related systemic dimorphic fungi has been limited until recent years. Yeast cells of B. dermatitidis display an adhesion promoting protein termed WI-1. Recent studies entailing homologous gene targeting and mutation of WI-1 have p...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Klein BS

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The three dimensional ultrastructure of cells and tissues comes to light with tomography. There is an inherent tension between representing molecular detail at the highest possible resolution, on one hand, and visualizing spatial relations between large organelles or even neighboring cells in large volumes, on the oth...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Elbaum M

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endosymbiotic theory goes back over 100 years. It explains the similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to free-living prokaryotes by suggesting that the organelles arose from prokaryotes through (endo)symbiosis. Gene trees provide important evidence in favour of symbiotic theory at a coarse-grained level, but the ...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Zimorski V,Ku C,Martin WF,Gould SB

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Germ line encoded antiviral defenses in vertebrate cells tend to be either broadly acting factors that exploit general features of viral replication or effectors with strong pathogen preference by virtue of specific recognition of viral proteins. The Mx GTPases, however, are atypical since they have broad antiviral ac...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Mitchell PS,Emerman M,Malik HS

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mast cells (MCs) have been implicated in orchestrating the host's early innate immune and adaptive immune responses in several models of acute bacterial infections. Most of this activity results in early clearance of the bacteria and timely resolution of infection. However, during chronic infections because of the pro...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Chan CY,St John AL,Abraham SN

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful execution of differentiation programs requires cells to assess multitudes of internal and external cues and respond with appropriate gene expression programs. Here, we review how Bacillus subtilis sporulation network deals with these tasks focusing on the lessons generalizable to other systems. With feedfor...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Narula J,Fujita M,Igoshin OA

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impaired microbiome diversity and composition can develop into a potent etiological agent of disease and increase susceptibility to infection. Given this, interventions targeting the microbiome have developed rapidly, with healthy donor feces being a de facto source of beneficial communities employed to rebalance pati...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Kaakoush NO

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of 'protein function' is rather 'fuzzy' because it is often based on whimsical terms or contradictory nomenclature. This currently presents a challenge for functional genomics because precise definitions are essential for most computational approaches. Addressing this challenge, the notion of networks betw...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Jansen R,Gerstein M

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most Candida albicans strains are heterozygous at the MTL (mating-type-like) locus, but mating occurs in hemi- or homozygous strains. The white-opaque switch process is repressed by the heterodimer of the MTLa1 and MTLalpha2 gene products, while mating genes are induced by a2 and alpha1. Mating occurs in opaque cells ...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Magee PT,Magee BB

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ongoing development of metagenomic approaches is providing the means to explore antibiotic resistance in nature and address questions that could not be answered previously with conventional culture-based strategies. The number of available environmental metagenomic sequence datasets is rapidly expanding and hencef...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Monier JM,Demanèche S,Delmont TO,Mathieu A,Vogel TM,Simonet P

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria reside in externally accessible niches on and in multicellular organisms, often forming mutualistic relationships with their host. Recent studies have linked the composition of these microbial communities with alterations in the host's health, behavior, and development, yet the causative mediators of host-mic...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Waller MC,Bober JR,Nair NU,Beisel CL

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the process of yeast budding, an aged and deteriorated mother cell gives rise to a youthful and pristine daughter cell. This remarkable event offers a tractable model system for identifying factors affecting life expectancy and it has been established that multiple aging factors operate in parallel. Herein, we will...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Nyström T,Liu B

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular bacteria in mammalian host cells can either live in a membrane-bound vacuole modified to support bacterial growth, or escape from the primary phagosome into the host cell cytoplasm. Phagosomal escape is best studied in Listeria monocytogenes in which a pore-forming cytolysin and two phospholipases are in...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Goebel W,Kuhn M

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endolysins are phage-encoded enzymes that break down bacterial peptidoglycan at the terminal stage of the phage reproduction cycle. Their action is tightly regulated by holins, by membrane arrest, and by conversion from their inactive to active state. Recent research has not only revealed the unexpected diversity of t...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Loessner MJ

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensing its changing environment is key for Vibrio cholerae when making the transition from an aquatic lifestyle to one more suited to a human host. An inverse correlation between motility and virulence gene expression has been reported, with the NADH : ubiquinone oxidoreductase system which powers motility by generat...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Krukonis ES,DiRita VJ

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of professional phagocytes with the concomitant generation of oxidant species is a medullar innate immune process for the control of acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Recent data reinforce the hypothesis that parasites more prepared to deal with the host-oxidative assault are more efficient for the establi...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Piacenza L,Alvarez MN,Peluffo G,Radi R

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Just as we thought that we know everything about superantigens, new molecular and structural studies indicate that we have only just begun to unravel the secrets of these fascinating molecules. Recent structure-function analysis of superantigens from Gram-positive bacteria, with emphasis on their interaction with majo...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Kotb M

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The small nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp (or (p)ppGpp) are rapidly synthesized in response to nutritional stress. In Escherichia coli, the enzymes RelA and SpoT are triggered by different starvation signals to produce (p)ppGpp. In many Gram-positive bacteria this is carried out by RelA and two small homologs. (p)ppGpp, ...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Srivatsan A,Wang JD

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elimination of non-functional or unwanted proteins is critical for cell growth and regulation. In bacteria, ATP-dependent proteases target cytoplasmic proteins for degradation, contributing to both protein quality control and regulation of specific proteins, thus playing roles parallel to that of the proteasome in euk...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Battesti A,Gottesman S

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we demonstrate how game theory can be a useful first step in modeling and understanding interactions among bacteria that produce and resist antibiotics. We introduce the basic features of evolutionary game theory and explore model microbial systems that correspond to some classical games. Each game dis...

journal_title：Current opinion in microbiology

authors： Conlin PL,Chandler JR,Kerr B

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00