Abstract:
:The small nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp (or (p)ppGpp) are rapidly synthesized in response to nutritional stress. In Escherichia coli, the enzymes RelA and SpoT are triggered by different starvation signals to produce (p)ppGpp. In many Gram-positive bacteria this is carried out by RelA and two small homologs. (p)ppGpp, along with the transcription factor DksA, has profound effects on transcription initiation in E. coli. (p)ppGpp/DksA exert differential effects on promoters by playing upon their intrinsic kinetic parameters, and by facilitating the utilization of alternative sigma factors. (p)ppGpp also regulates replication and translation. These studies highlight (p)ppGpp as a key factor in bacterial physiology that responds rapidly to diverse stresses, by shutting down growth and priming cellular defensive and adaptive processes.
journal_name
Curr Opin Microbioljournal_title
Current opinion in microbiologyauthors
Srivatsan A,Wang JDdoi
10.1016/j.mib.2008.02.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
100-5issue
2eissn
1369-5274issn
1879-0364pii
S1369-5274(08)00009-Xjournal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Wild Escherichia coli are superbly adapted to survive in the intestines of their mammalian hosts and in the environment. E. coli K12 derivative (MG1655) encodes 4288 potential genes that provide the background genetic framework of this species. Particular E. coli clonal types encode additional chromosomal and extrachr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00170-3
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of African sleeping sickness and the wasting disease, nagana, in cattle. The parasite is transmitted to the mammalian host by the bite of a tsetse fly. These parasites lack transcriptional regulation, and their gene expression is mainly regulated post-tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.06.006
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::All organisms must secure essential trace nutrients, including iron, zinc, manganese and copper for survival and proliferation. However, these very nutrients are also highly toxic if present at elevated levels. Mammalian immunity has harnessed both the essentiality and toxicity of micronutrients to defend against micr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.013
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dictyostelium genome sequencing predicts an unexpectedly large number of genes. Many are absent from yeast but present in animals and presumably support cellular abilities not found in yeast. Prominent amongst these abilities is chemotaxis, where great strides are being made in understanding how cells orient in a grad...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00375-2
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In part, members of the genus Streptomyces have been studied because they produce many important secondary metabolites with antibiotic activity and for the interest in their relatively elaborate life cycle. These sporulating filamentous bacteria are remarkably synchronous for division and genome segregation in special...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2009.10.004
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are nearly ubiquitous in microbial genomes and influence their evolution by providing adaptive functions to their host and by enhancing genome plasticity and diversification. For a long-time, it has been assumed that by integrating into the chromosome of their host, these se...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.03.014
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much progress has been made in recent years in the investigation of the interplay between HIV-1 and its host cells. Most of these interactions are complex and have not yet been fully unraveled. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the molecular interactions between HIV and host-cell factors has substantially broadened o...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2004.06.002
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a clinically significant herpes virus that maintains a lifelong infection in the host. HCMV infection of endothelial cells and macrophages plays an important role in the establishment of latency and persistence, which appears critical for the maintenance of HCMV within the host. HCMV in...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00334-x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the most successful drugs in the antibiotic pharmacopeia are those that inhibit bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. However, the worldwide spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance has eroded the clinical efficacy of these drugs and the antibiotic pipeline continues to be lean as drug discovery programs struggle...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.013
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to obligate pathogens opportunistic pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus do not need a specific host to propagate or survive. However several characteristics of the saprophytic life-style and the selective pressure encountered in the primary ecological niche contribute to the virulence of A. fumigatus. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.11.015
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful execution of differentiation programs requires cells to assess multitudes of internal and external cues and respond with appropriate gene expression programs. Here, we review how Bacillus subtilis sporulation network deals with these tasks focusing on the lessons generalizable to other systems. With feedfor...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.07.011
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae senses and responds to nutrients by adapting its growth rate and undergoing morphogenic transitions to ensure survival. The Tor pathway is a major integrator of nutrient-derived signals that in coordination with other signaling pathways orchestrates cell growth. Recent advances have ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2008.02.013
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Helminths parasites undergo developmental changes and migration within their definitive host, in addition to establishing chronic infection. Essential to this is the evasion of host immune responses; the canonical Th2 response is effective at removing parasites resident in the intestine. Conversely, helminths also pro...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.09.002
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small RNAs can act to regulate both the synthesis of proteins, by affecting mRNA transcription, translation and stability, and the activity of specific proteins by binding to them. As a result of recent genome-wide screens, around 50 small RNAs have now been identified in Escherichia coli. These include many that requ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(03)00027-4
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial cell division takes place almost entirely below the diffraction limit of light microscopy, making super-resolution microscopy ideally suited to interrogating this process. I review how super-resolution microscopy has advanced our understanding of bacterial cell division. I discuss the mechanistic implication...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.12.005
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While natural microbial communities are composed of a mix of microbes with often unknown functions, the construction of synthetic microbial communities allows for the generation of defined systems with reduced complexity. Used in a top-down approach, synthetic communities serve as model systems to ask questions about ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.02.002
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past year, our knowledge of type IV transporters of Gram-negative bacteria has further expanded. Advances include the discovery of additional members of this family of proteins, increased knowledge of the morphologies of type IV transporters, and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which macromolecules ...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(99)80004-6
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The three dimensional ultrastructure of cells and tissues comes to light with tomography. There is an inherent tension between representing molecular detail at the highest possible resolution, on one hand, and visualizing spatial relations between large organelles or even neighboring cells in large volumes, on the oth...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2018.01.001
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological nitrogen fixation is a much more important process in the nitrogen cycle of the oceans than previously thought. Further, nitrogen fixation may have an influence on the capacity of the oceans to sequester carbon. A greater diversity of marine nitrogen fixers has also been uncovered but their quantitative sig...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00215-0
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to starvation, myxobacteria build multicellular fruiting bodies that contain many thousands of cells and that have particular species-specific shapes. To coordinate fruiting body development, the myxobacterial cells signal to each other. The timing of and cellular responses to these signals help to give fo...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(98)80112-4
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial two-component systems (TCSs) and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) form densely interconnected networks that integrate and transduce information from the environment into fine-tuned changes of gene expression. Many TCSs control target genes indirectly through regulation of sRNAs, which in turn regulate gene expr...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.12.001
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of tubulin-like cytoskeletal proteins carried on the genomes of bacteriophages that are actively used for phage propagation during both the lytic and lysogenic cycle have revealed that there at least two ways that viruses can utilize a cytoskeleton; co-opt the host cytoskeleton or bring their own homolog...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.08.007
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 21st century has seen the licensure of new anti-infective vaccines that have demonstrated their benefit for both individual and population (herd) protection. Despite this there are still many human pathogens for which no vaccine is available. As we learn more about these pathogens, and as technologies advance, mor...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2015.07.006
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Upon infection, both DNA and RNA viruses can be sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the cytoplasm or the nucleus to activate antiviral innate immunity. Sensing of viral products leads to the activation of a signaling cascade that ultimately results in transcriptional activation of type I and III interfer...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2016.05.015
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The availability of a large number of sequenced microbial genomes allows us to conduct systematic studies on microbial gene regulatory systems. Computational methods, using comparative genomics approaches, are powerful tools to understand their mechanisms and evolutionary history. Recent advances in computational meth...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(02)00309-0
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, we demonstrate how game theory can be a useful first step in modeling and understanding interactions among bacteria that produce and resist antibiotics. We introduce the basic features of evolutionary game theory and explore model microbial systems that correspond to some classical games. Each game dis...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.004
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many Gram-negative bacteria, like Brucella, the type IV secretion system (T4SS) has a critical role in bacterial virulence. In Brucella, the VirB T4SS permits the injection of bacterial effectors inside host cells, leading to subversion of signaling pathways and favoring bacterial growth and pathogenesis. The virB...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.11.005
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The post-translational attachment of ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like modifiers (ULMs) to proteins regulates many cellular processes including the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogens. Vice versa, pathogens counteract immune defense by inhibiting or redirecting the ubiquitination machinery of the...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2010.05.012
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appreciation for the prevalence and diversity of noncoding, small RNAs (sRNAs) has grown enormously in the past decade. A major role for sRNAs in all organisms is to regulate gene expression, often at the level of mRNA translation or stability. However, a few sRNAs have been shown to function by regulating transcripti...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2007.03.008
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA-binding domains of eucaryotic GATA factors comprise a four-cysteine Zn finger and an adjacent basic region. Fungal GATA factors regulate nitrogen metabolism, light induction, siderophore biosynthesis and mating-type switching. Hydrophobic interactions determine binding-site specificity. Interactions with other...
journal_title:Current opinion in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00063-1
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00