Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effect of increased body weight and body mass index (BMI) on pregnancy rates with levonorgestrel (LNG) 1.5mg used as emergency contraception (EC). METHODS:The study reviewed data from 6873 women in four WHO-HRP randomized trials on EC conducted between 1993 and 2010. Participants took either 1.5mg of LNG as a single dose or in two doses 12h apart, up to 120h of unprotected intercourse. Contraceptive efficacy (pregnancy rates) at different weight and BMI categories was evaluated. RESULTS:Overall pregnancy rate was low at 1.2%. Pregnancy rates were also low in women weighing over 80kg (0.7%) and who were obese (BMI over 30kg/m2) (2.0%). The pooled analyses for pregnancy demonstrated that BMI over 30kg/m2 decreased efficacy significantly (odds ratio 8.27, 95% confidence interval = 2.70-25.37) when compared to women in lower BMI categories, mainly influenced by pregnancies in obese women from one study site. Sensitivity analyses excluding that site showed that obesity was no longer a risk factor; however, the other studies included too few obese women in the sample to exclude a substantial decrease in efficacy. CONCLUSIONS:Pregnancy rates with use of LNG 1.5mg for EC were low at less than 3% across different weight and BMI categories. Pooled analyses showed an increase in pregnancy rates among obese women (BMI more than 30kg/m2) compared to women with normal BMI levels, influenced by pregnancies all coming from one study site. IMPLICATIONS:Access to LNG as EC should still be promoted to women who need them, and not be restricted in any weight or BMI category, with additional attention for counselling and advice for obese women.
journal_name
Contraceptionjournal_title
Contraceptionauthors
Festin MPR,Peregoudov A,Seuc A,Kiarie J,Temmerman Mdoi
10.1016/j.contraception.2016.08.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
50-54issue
1eissn
0010-7824issn
1879-0518pii
S0010-7824(16)30357-2journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验相关文献
CONTRACEPTION文献大全abstract::The changes in haemostasis during oral contraception are related to the ethinylestradiol dose present in the formulation taken by the patient. An open, randomized longitudinal study was performed to evaluate and compare the effects that low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) containing different doses of ethinylestradiol ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(91)90123-w
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking may be related to early discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC). STUDY DESIGN:This was a planned secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Women aged less than 25 initiating OC at three inner-city publicly funded family planning clinics enrolled in the study. Subjects reported smoking s...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, reproductive health researchers and practitioners have increased their focus on abortion referrals as an overlooked component of access. March 2019 proposed changes to the regulation of publicly funded family planning services that severely restrict abortion referrals have heightened public attention....
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.07.141
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This open, randomized study was intended to assess the effects of the new single-rod contraceptive implant (Implanon) containing etonogestrel on lipid metabolism in Indonesian women, in comparison with the six-rod implant Norplant, containing levonorgestrel. The effects of both products were compared with a control gr...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,收录出版
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00099-2
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), which increases high-density lipoprotein level, has not been used as a progestin in combination with estrogen in a transdermal patch to date. The aim of the research was to develop and evaluate a matrix-type transdermal drug delivery (TDD) system of a combination of ethinyl...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.03.005
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::All intrauterine devices (IUDs) that have been tested experimentally or clinically induce a local inflammatory reaction of the endometrium whose cellular and humoral components are expressed in the tissue and the fluid filling the uterine cavity. Depending on the reproductive strategy of the species considered and the...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.01.020
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the toxicology of polymers that are used in contraceptive implants. The two main classes of synthetic, nondegradable polymers used in the delivery of female contraceptives are silicone elastomers (e.g., Silastic) and ethylene co-vinyl acetate (EVA; ELVAX). The controversies surrounding the silicon...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00285-2
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Induced fetal demise by intraamniotic injection of digoxin is an alternative to methods using intracardiac or umbilical vein injection. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of intraamniotic injection and the timing of fetal demise after injection. STUDY DESIGN:Twenty-two women had ultrasoni...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2009.12.001
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single intratesticular injection of TEPA or Thio-TEPA induced a period of infertility lasting 1-2 months. Restoration of fertility was characterized by a reduction of the litter size resulting from the first inpregnation post-treatment. There was no evidence of tissue pathogenesis 6-12 months after treatment. ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(80)90061-x
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The objective was to describe the efficacy of medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol for gestations less than 6 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles in any language that examined the success of mifepristone and misoprostol abortion at gestational ages <42 da...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.09.006
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mixture of two partially triterpenoid saponins (Tg), isolated from Acacia auriculiformis was tested for sperm immobilizing activity by using in vitro system. The lowest concentration (ED) required for an obvious immobilization of human sperm by using a modified Sander-Cramer test was found to be 0.35 mg/ml in physio...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(91)90137-5
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzed data gathered from a survey of online information on the intrauterine device (IUD) to determine the content and quality of information available to consumers and providers, as evidenced by the presence or absence of a series of attributes measuring the accuracy and objectiveness of information prov...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.07.001
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether mental illness and substance use disorder (SUD) are associated with having a prescription contraceptive method among women veterans. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a retrospective analysis of National Veterans Administration (VA) administrative and clinical data for women veterans aged 18-4...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.02.028
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interception of pregnancy in its initial stage is an attractive and viable approach to contraception. A chemical agent, taken within the first few days of missed menses, intercepts the conception, which is expelled with menstrual flow. The main targets of such agents are the uterus, blastocyst and the growing trophobl...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.12.011
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This open-label, nonrandomized study compared changes in hemostatic variables during NuvaRing and oral levonorgestrel 150 microg/ethinylestradiol 30 microg (LNG/EE) use for six cycles. Eighty-seven women started the study, 44 with NuvaRing and 43 with the LNG/EE oral contraceptive. For most procoagulation variables, t...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.12.010
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective double-blind study of the effects of two low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, two groups of eighteen young healthy women selected at random were submitted to a six months' use of either monophasic ethinylestradiol (EE) + desogestrel (DG) or triphasic EE + levonorgest...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90003-0
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this guidance is to review the management of unacceptable vaginal bleeding patterns in etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing contraceptive implant users concentrating, where possible, on the evidence for pharmacological treatments and identifying a pragmatic approach where this is not possible. This article was deve...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.08.001
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monthly injectable contraceptives, containing a combination of a long-acting progestogen and an estrogen, have been used in Latin America and China for many years. While knowledge about the effects of other hormonal contraceptives on cancer risk is relevant, close analogies with monthly injectables cannot be made. The...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90002-7
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a study of 1074 women, 696 and 338 subjects would not seriously consider permanent and hypothetically reversible sterilization, respectively; they were asked to explain their feelings. The reason accounting for most objections to permanent sterilization (65%) was irreversibility and of the subjects who would not co...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(80)80001-1
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-hundred-thirty of 178 women who received Norplant-2 implants were followed prospectively for 4 years. Menstrual disorders were the most common reason for discontinuation. Only one patient conceived, for a failure rate of 0.6%. ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00265-7
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine if laparoscopic sterilization using the Filshie clip causes less postoperative pain as compared to the Falope ring during the first 24 h after surgery. STUDY DESIGN:Forty subjects were enrolled. Five milliliters of 0.5% bupivicaine was injected at each of the two incision sites and 5 mL was drip...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.09.014
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norethisterone oenanthate (NET OEN) was extensively hydrolysed in rabbit, rat and guinea pig plasma (99.9%, 76.1% and 46.0% hydrolysed in 90 min, respectively). In contrast, there was negligible hydrolysis (less than 2.5%) in dog, goat and human plasma. Rabbit liver, kidney, gut wall, stomach, heart and muscle showed ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(81)90098-6
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:To increase access to safe abortion in rural India, the feasibility and acceptability of mifepristone-misoprostol abortion was assessed in a typical government run primary health center (PHC) in Nagpur district, Maharashtra State, that does not offer surgical abortion services and must refer off-site for e...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.03.010
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A study was undertaken to determine if copper wire, placed within the uterine lumen after implantation and kept in situ throughout pregnancy, results in an excessive accumulation of the metal in maternal and/or fetal tissues; and if so, what effect if any, such an accumulation may have on both mother and offspring. ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(74)90060-2
更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patient characteristics associated with adherence to dual-method contraceptive use are not known. STUDY DESIGN:Project PROTECT was a 24-month-long randomized trial designed to promote the use of dual methods of contraception using an individualized computer-based intervention or enhanced standard care couns...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.01.023
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medically induced abortion using a new regimen of oral mifepristone 600 mg and vaginal misoprostol 800 micrograms (PGE1 analogue) was carried out in 100 women. Abortion occurred in all patients without resort to surgery. In 99 women, the abortion occurred within 4 hours of the administration of the prostaglandin. Sixt...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)90085-x
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of cupric ions on the uptake of tritiated-thymidine and 5-tritiated-uridine into endometrial cells obtained from pseudopregnant rabbits was studied in vitro. In endometrial cells obtained 48 and 120 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin injection, the uptake of tritiated-thymidine was significantly inhi...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(75)90076-1
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was aimed to evaluate iron metabolism in active and healthy adult women having taken oral contraceptives (OC) long-term. Mean dietary iron intake in age-matched control and experimental groups was adequate. Serum ferritin used as a marker for body iron stores was marginal in both groups underlying a ...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(92)90005-e
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::With an ever-increasing number of reproductive-aged women undergoing solid organ transplant and fertility improving after transplant, knowledge of the safety and efficacy of various contraceptive methods is essential to guide patient selection. We present the case of a 22-year-old patient desiring an intrauterine devi...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.05.012
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The release of contraceptive steroids through different drug delivery systems into serum and breast milk was investigated in a group of lactating women. Four women in each group were taking either a low dosage progestogen compound like norethisterone (NET) 350 micrograms or d-norgestrel (d-Ng) 50 micrograms alone or l...
journal_title:Contraception
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0010-7824(80)90002-5
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00