Studies on the enzymatic cleavage of norethisterone oenanthate.

Abstract:

:Norethisterone oenanthate (NET OEN) was extensively hydrolysed in rabbit, rat and guinea pig plasma (99.9%, 76.1% and 46.0% hydrolysed in 90 min, respectively). In contrast, there was negligible hydrolysis (less than 2.5%) in dog, goat and human plasma. Rabbit liver, kidney, gut wall, stomach, heart and muscle showed marked hydrolytic activity in vitro, but there was little hydrolysis of NET OEN by either human muscle or fat. It is proposed that following intramuscular administration of NET OEN to rabbits, the ester is rapidly hydrolysed at the injection site and in the circulation whereas in humans the liver is the main site of hydrolysis since neither muscle nor plasma cause significant breakdown of the ester. The rabbit is not a good model for predicting the pharmacokinetics of NET OEN in humans.

journal_name

Contraception

journal_title

Contraception

authors

Back DJ,Breckenridge AM,Chapman CR,Crawford FE,Olsen KA,Orme ML,Rowe PH

doi

10.1016/0010-7824(81)90098-6

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1981-02-01 00:00:00

pages

125-32

issue

2

eissn

0010-7824

issn

1879-0518

pii

0010-7824(81)90098-6

journal_volume

23

pub_type

杂志文章
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    abstract::Fifty-six women using depot-norethisterone enanthate injections for contraception for 2 years or more were compared with a control group of 48 women not using hormonal contraception. No significant difference was found between the study group and controls for Factors VIIc and Antithrombin III. Factor Xc was reduced in...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(91)90083-r

    authors: McEwan JA,Griffin M

    更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacokinetic study of orally administered RU 486 in non-pregnant women.

    abstract::A method based on HPLC was devised for the estimation of RU 486 in blood and utilised to study the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of 50 mg RU 486 administered orally to 12 women on day 7 of the cycle. The dose was rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentration between 1 and 2 hours. Distribution was also rapid (me...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(89)90052-8

    authors: He CH,Shi YE,Ye ZH,Zhang GG,Jiang NX,Van Look PF,Fotherby K

    更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00

  • Is pregnancy fatalism normal? An attitudinal assessment among women trying to get pregnant and those not using contraception.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess factors associated with pregnancy fatalism among U.S. adult women. STUDY DESIGN:I used data from the Change and Consistency in Contraceptive Use study, which collected information from a national sample of 4634 U.S. women aged 18-39 at baseline (59% response rate). I assessed pregnancy fatalism ba...

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    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.05.015

    authors: Jones RK

    更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of contraceptive pills on the activity status of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in healthy subjects.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Experimental evidences suggest that metabolic activation and conversion of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) to reactive species are responsible for their genotoxicity. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of low-dose (LD) OCPs on the activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes glutath...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.026

    authors: Fallah S,Valinejad Sani F,Firoozrai M

    更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of an oral contraceptive in primary dysmenorrhea--changes in uterine activity and reactivity to agonists.

    abstract::Mechanisms for the therapeutic effect of oral contraceptives in dysmenorrhea were studied by recording intrauterine pressure on the first day of menstrual bleeding in women with moderate to severe symptoms and after three weeks of oral contraceptive therapy (150 micrograms levonorgestrel + 30 micrograms ethinyl estrad...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(89)90026-7

    authors: Ekström P,Juchnicka E,Laudanski T,Akerlund M

    更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00

  • Exploring young women's decisional needs for contraceptive method choice: a qualitative study.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Assisting women with choosing contraceptive methods that meet their needs and preferences is essential to providing patient-centered care, but research to inform interventions supporting method choice is lacking. An assessment of patient decisional needs for contraceptive method choice may provide insight int...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.10.004

    authors: Marshall C,Kandahari N,Raine-Bennett T

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of Norplant contraceptive use on hemoglobin, packed cell volume and menstrual bleeding patterns.

    abstract::A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of NORPLANT use on hemoglobin levels (HB), packed cell volume (PCV) and menstrual bleeding patterns. NORPLANT insertions were performed on 50 healthy volunteers in Ilorin, Nigeria, between January-March 1986. Whole blood samples were collected at admission, 6-month and 12-m...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(89)90059-0

    authors: Fakeye O,Balogh S

    更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • A comparison of three daily coital diary designs and a phone-in regimen.

    abstract::Barrier contraceptive trials and disease intervention studies often utilize coital diaries to measure sexual exposures: dates and frequency of intercourse, product use, additional or alternative contraceptive use, and menstrual bleeding. The validity of these self-reported data is a matter of debate, but if used, bett...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(01)00183-4

    authors: Hays MA,Irsula B,McMullen SL,Feldblum PJ

    更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of orally and vaginally administered misoprostol on inflammatory mediators and cervical ripening during early pregnancy.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vaginally and orally administered misoprostol on the local cervical inflammatory response. METHODS:Healthy women with a normal intrauterine pregnancy between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation presenting for an elective termination of pregnancy by...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.02.012

    authors: Aronsson A,Ulfgren AK,Ståbi B,Stavreus-Evers A,Gemzell-Danielsson K

    更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00

  • Emetine ditartrate: a possible lead for emergency contraception.

    abstract::Interception of pregnancy in its initial stage is an attractive and viable approach to contraception. A chemical agent, taken within the first few days of missed menses, intercepts the conception, which is expelled with menstrual flow. The main targets of such agents are the uterus, blastocyst and the growing trophobl...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2003.12.011

    authors: Mehrotra PK,Kitchlu S,Dwivedi A,Agnihotri PK,Srivastava S,Roy R,Bhaduri AP

    更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00

  • STS 557, a new orally active progestin with antiprogestational and contragestational properties in rabbits.

    abstract::STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4.9(10)-diene-3-one) is a potent progestin. This compound was 10 times as potent as the standard levonorgestrel as judged by the classic Clauberg-McPhail Assay. The antiprogestational response is significant when STS 557 treatment starts 2 days before progesterone ad...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(80)90140-7

    authors: Oettel M,Kurischko A

    更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00

  • Intermittent GnRH antagonist plus progestin contraception conserving tonic ovarian estrogen secretion and reducing progestin exposure.

    abstract::The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a once-weekly regimen of GnRH antagonist followed by a progestin as a potential new contraceptive method. On menstrual cycle days 2, 9, 16, and 23 (onset of menses = Day 1) monkeys were divided into two groups: 1) those injected sc with 0.1 mg/kg Nal-Glu ...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(09)91007-1

    authors: Danforth DR,Williams RF,Hsiu JG,Roh SI,Hahn D,McGuire JL,Hodgen GD

    更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00

  • Standardizing the classification of abortion incidents: the Procedural Abortion Incident Reporting and Surveillance (PAIRS) Framework.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop and validate standardized criteria for assessing abortion-related incidents (adverse events, morbidities, near misses) for first-trimester aspiration abortion procedures and to demonstrate the utility of a standardized framework [the Procedural Abortion Incident Reporting & Surveillance (PAIRS) Fr...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2017.05.004

    authors: Taylor D,Upadhyay UD,Fjerstad M,Battistelli MF,Weitz TA,Paul ME

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Prospective study on the cytological aspects of the nasal respiratory epithelium in premenopausal women taking 30 mcg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone oral contraceptive.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This study was conducted to determine the effects of the monophasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 mcg ethinylestradiol (EE) and 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP) on the nasal respiratory epithelium in premenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN:Fifty premenopausal women participated in the prospective study. Baseline ...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.12.010

    authors: Caruso S,Serra A,Grillo C,Agnello C,Di Mari L,Cianci A

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of steroid hormones on the metabolism of human spermatozoa.

    abstract::Information relating to the effect of steroids on the metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa is limited despite the increasing interest in the use of these hormones for the purpose of contraception. In the present study it was shown that progesterone, testosterone, and 11-beta-OH-progesterone significantly inhib...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(81)90080-9

    authors: Trifunac NP,Bernstein GS

    更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00

  • Bleeding patterns with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system when used for heavy menstrual bleeding in women without structural pelvic pathology: a pooled analysis of randomized controlled studies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The study was conducted to characterize the changes in bleeding pattern over time in women receiving the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) for heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). The reduction in menstrual blood loss volume has been well documented elsewhere. STUDY DESIGN:Post hoc pooled an...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.08.022

    authors: Jensen J,Mansour D,Lukkari-Lax E,Inki P,Burock K,Fraser IS

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • The anti-glycolytic activity of 3-bromopyruvate on mature boar spermatozoa in vitro.

    abstract::Mature epididymal boar spermatozoa converted fructose, glycerol and glycerol-3-phosphate to carbon dioxide, but in the presence of 0.5 mM 3-bromopyruvate, these oxidations were inhibited while that of lactate was unaffected. Inhibition of the oxidation of these substrates results in a decrease in the content of ATP an...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(95)00217-x

    authors: Jones AR,Gillan L,Milmlow D

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  • Safety of mifepristone abortions in clinical use.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Extensive data from clinical trials document mifepristone's safety and efficacy for induced abortion, but less information is available about its safety in routine clinical use. METHODS:Data on mifepristone abortion use from the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the largest provider of mifepristone ...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.03.011

    authors: Henderson JT,Hwang AC,Harper CC,Stewart FH

    更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00

  • Abortion referral-making in the United States: findings and recommendations from the abortion referrals learning community.

    abstract::In recent years, reproductive health researchers and practitioners have increased their focus on abortion referrals as an overlooked component of access. March 2019 proposed changes to the regulation of publicly funded family planning services that severely restrict abortion referrals have heightened public attention....

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2019.07.141

    authors: Zurek M,O'Donnell J

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • The relationship between source of sexual information and sexual behavior among female adolescents.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:The relationship between the source of sexual information and adolescent sexual behavior is not well understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS:As part of a larger study, 892 sexually active female adolescents between 15 and 18 years of age completed a paper-and-pencil survey which assessed discussions about sexua...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.014

    authors: Berenson AB,Wu ZH,Breitkopf CR,Newman J

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Finding the Twitter users who stood with Wendy.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:I examine Twitter discussion regarding the Texas omnibus abortion restriction bill before, during and after Wendy Davis' filibuster in summer 2013. This critical moment precipitated wide public discussion of abortion. Digital records allow me to characterize the spatial distribution of participants in Texas a...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.07.007

    authors: Stevenson AJ

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Clinicians' perceptions and provision of hormonal contraceptives for HIV-positive and at-risk women in Southern Africa: an original research article.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess clinician provision of hormonal contraception for HIV-positive and at-risk women in Southern Africa. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a nationally representative survey of clinicians (n=1444) in HIV-prevalent settings in South Africa and Zimbabwe to evaluate evidence-based contraceptive care and clinicia...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

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    authors: Blanchard K,Chipato T,Ramjee G,Nhemachena T,Harper CC,Provider Study Writing Comittee.

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  • Two randomized controlled trials comparing the Hulka and Filshie Clips for tubal sterilization.

    abstract::To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Filshie Clip System and Hulka Clip System when applied via minilaparotomy and laparoscopy, we conducted 2 multicenter randomized controlled trials of 2126 women (878 in the minilaparotomy study and 1248 in the laparoscopy study) who received either the Filshie or Hulka Cl...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

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    authors: Dominik R,Gates D,Sokal D,Cordero M,Lasso de la Vega J,Remes Ruiz A,Thambu J,Lim D,Louissaint S,Galvez RS,Uribe L,Zighelboim I

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  • Tamoxifen as an antifertility agent in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis).

    abstract::The potential use of tamoxifen, a nonsteroidal antiestrogen, as an antifertility agent was studied in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Twenty-six cycling females were bred, then treated with a single oral dose of tamoxifen (5 mg/kg) (N = 13) or vehicle (N = 13) on day 4 post-ovulation. Serum progesterone...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(93)90047-b

    authors: Tarantal AF,Hendrickx AG,Matlin SA,Lasley BL,Gu QQ,Thomas CA,Vince PM,Van Look PF

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol to methotrexate alone.

    abstract::This was a dual-cohort study performed to determine if, by using methotrexate alone, abortions could be induced with fewer side effects, without sacrificing effectiveness and patient satisfaction. The subjects were 358 consecutive patients who requested elective medical termination of pregnancy at < 7 weeks gestation....

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00146-2

    authors: Wiebe ER

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Antifertility effects of an LHRH agonist in male mice.

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    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Kher R,Kalla NR

    更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00

  • Uterine factors and risk of pregnancy in IUD users: a nested case-control study.

    abstract::Scarce data are available on the relation between the effectiveness of intrauterine device (IUD) and the gynecologic features of a woman. A nested case-control study was conducted to determine whether the uterine position and hysterometry affect the pregnancy rate of copper IUD. Seventy-one cases (pregnant women with ...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00480-8

    authors: Avecilla-Palau A,Moreno V

    更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00

  • A new non-hormonal antifertility drug DL-204: I. Effects on testes and accessory glands of reproduction in male rats.

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(87)90008-4

    authors: Prasad RS,Vijayan E

    更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00

  • Refining assessment of contraceptive use in the past year in relation to risk of unintended pregnancy.

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.009

    authors: Daniels K,Ahrens K,Pazol K

    更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00

  • Modification of oral contraceptive relationships on breast cancer risk by selected factors among younger women.

    abstract::In a case-control study of 1647 breast cancer cases and 1501 population controls under 45 years of age, potential modifying effects of other risk factors on the relationship of oral contraceptives to breast cancer were examined. Among the total series of study subjects, the relationship of extended pill usage was grea...

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    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00012-7

    authors: Brinton LA,Gammon MD,Malone KE,Schoenberg JB,Daling JR,Coates RJ

    更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00