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Monthly combined injectable contraceptives and neoplasia.

Abstract：

:Monthly injectable contraceptives, containing a combination of a long-acting progestogen and an estrogen, have been used in Latin America and China for many years. While knowledge about the effects of other hormonal contraceptives on cancer risk is relevant, close analogies with monthly injectables cannot be made. The relation between use of these preparations and cancers of the breast and cervix has been examined in case-control studies, but no firm conclusions can be drawn because of limitations in sample size. Adequate studies of the influence of monthly injectable contraceptives on risk of neoplasia need to be carried out. :Monthly injectable contraceptives containing long-acting progestogen and estrogen have been used in Latin America and China for many years. In Mexico and some other Latin American countries, several proprietary preparations containing dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide and estradiol enanthate are available, with injections often administered by pharmacists. It is estimated that in the early 1980s more than one million ampoules per year were sold privately through pharmacies in Mexico. A large body of evidence exists, however, about the relationship between oral contraceptives and, to a lesser extent, DMPA and the risk of various tumors. The nature of the relationship between using the above monthly preparations and the risk of breast and cervical cancer remains to be determined. Toxicological studies in animals have proved to be of limited value in predicting the effects of contraceptive steroids on cancer risk in humans, but results have nonetheless delayed the introduction of monthly injectables in the US and other developed countries. The only studies which have examined associations between the use of monthly injectable contraceptives and cancer risk in women have been handicapped by limitations in sample size. There is clearly a significant and urgent need to conduct studies on the influence of monthly injectable contraceptives on the risk of cancer.

journal_name

Contraception

journal_title

Contraception

authors

Skegg DC

doi

10.1016/0010-7824(94)90002-7

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1994-05-01 00:00:00

pages

435-9

issue

5

eissn

0010-7824

issn

1879-0518

pii

0010-7824(94)90002-7

journal_volume

49

pub_type

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