Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., depression, are linked to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and prefrontal cortical dysfunction, and are concomitant with chronic stress. METHODS:We used electrophysiologic (n = 5-6 animals, 21-25 cells/group), neuroanatomic (n = 6-8/group), and behavioral (n = 12/group) techniques to test the hypothesis that chronic stress increases inhibition of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) glutamatergic output neurons. RESULTS:Using patch clamp recordings from infralimbic mPFC pyramidal neurons, we found that chronic stress selectively increases the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents with no effect on amplitude, which suggests that chronic stress increases presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid release. Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid release under chronic stress is accompanied by increased inhibitory appositions and terminals onto glutamatergic cells, as assessed by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Furthermore, chronic stress decreases glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity specifically in a subset of inhibitory neurons, which suggests that increased inhibitory tone in the mPFC after chronic stress may be caused by loss of a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated brake on interneuron activity. These neuroanatomic and functional changes are associated with impairment of a prefrontal-mediated behavior. During chronic stress, rats initially make significantly more errors in the delayed spatial win-shift task, an mPFC-mediated behavior, which suggests a diminished impact of the mPFC on decision making. CONCLUSIONS:Taken together, the data suggest that chronic stress increases synaptic inhibition onto prefrontal glutamatergic output neurons, limiting the influence of the prefrontal cortex in control of stress reactivity and behavior. Thus, these data provide a mechanistic link among chronic stress, prefrontal cortical hypofunction, and behavioral dysfunction.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
McKlveen JM,Morano RL,Fitzgerald M,Zoubovsky S,Cassella SN,Scheimann JR,Ghosal S,Mahbod P,Packard BA,Myers B,Baccei ML,Herman JPdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2101subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-11-15 00:00:00pages
754-764issue
10eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(16)32234-Xjournal_volume
80pub_type
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