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Social dominance in female monkeys: dopamine receptor function and cocaine reinforcement.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Brain imaging and behavioral studies suggest an inverse relationship between dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptors and vulnerability to cocaine abuse, although most research has used males. For example, male monkeys that become dominant in a social group have significant elevations in D2/D3 receptor availability and are less vulnerable to cocaine reinforcement. METHODS:DA D2/D3 receptor availability was assessed in female cynomolgus monkeys (n = 16) with positron emission tomography (PET) while they were individually housed, 3 months after stable social hierarchies had formed, and again when individually housed. In addition, PET was used to examine changes in dopamine transporter (DAT) availability after social hierarchy formation. After imaging studies were complete, monkeys received implantation with indwelling intravenous catheters and self-administered cocaine (.001-.1 mg/kg/injection) under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of reinforcement. Acquisition of cocaine reinforcement occurred when response rates were significantly higher than when saline was self-administered. RESULTS:Neither DAT nor D2/D3 receptor availability in the caudate nucleus and putamen was predictive of social rank, but both significantly changed after formation of social hierarchies. DA D2/D3 receptor availability significantly increased in females that became dominant, whereas DAT availability decreased in subordinate females. Dominant female monkeys acquired cocaine reinforcement at significantly lower doses than subordinate monkeys. CONCLUSIONS:The relationship between D2/D3 receptor availability and vulnerability to cocaine reinforcement seems, on the basis of these findings, opposite in females and males. These data indicate that the social environment profoundly affects the DA system but does so in ways that have different functional consequences for females than for males.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Nader MA,Nader SH,Czoty PW,Riddick NV,Gage HD,Gould RW,Blaylock BL,Kaplan JR,Garg PK,Davies HM,Morton D,Garg S,Reboussin BA

doi

10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.03.002

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-09-01 00:00:00

pages

414-21

issue

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006-3223(12)00215-6

journal_volume

pub_type

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Social dominance in female monkeys: dopamine receptor function and cocaine reinforcement.