Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in geriatric depression: diagnostic and treatment implications.

abstract：BACKGROUND:Heightened fear and anxiety are core symptoms of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. They are associated with structural and activity changes throughout neural circuitry that includes the ventral and medial prefrontal cortices (PFC), the amygdala, and hippocampus. Although the contributions of the media...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Agustín-Pavón C,Braesicke K,Shiba Y,Santangelo AM,Mikheenko Y,Cockroft G,Asma F,Clarke H,Man MS,Roberts AC

更新日期：2012-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Deficits in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives have been reported in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a phenomenon that measures an early stage of information processing (sensorimotor gating). It is less clear whether these information processing deficits extend to prepulse facilitation (PPF),...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Wynn JK,Dawson ME,Schell AM,McGee M,Salveson D,Green MF

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabis remains the most widely used illicit substance by adolescents and is typically consumed by this population in the context of ongoing tobacco use. Human studies have shown that both cannabis and tobacco exert effects on cognitive function; however, little is known about possible interacting effects o...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Jacobsen LK,Pugh KR,Constable RT,Westerveld M,Mencl WE

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fear learning in stressful situations is highly adaptive for survival by steering behavior in subsequent situations, but fear learning can become disproportionate in vulnerable individuals. Despite the potential clinical significance, the mechanism by which stress modulates fear learning is poorly understood...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Vogel S,Klumpers F,Kroes MC,Oplaat KT,Krugers HJ,Oitzl MS,Joëls M,Fernández G

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A deficit in sustained attention might serve as an endophenotype for schizophrenia and therefore be a useful tool in understanding the genetic underpinnings of the disorder. We sought to detail functional brain abnormalities associated with sustained attention (i.e., vigilance) in individuals with genetic li...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sponheim SR,McGuire KA,Stanwyck JJ

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Two broad treatment options exist for switching antidepressants for depressed patients who fail to respond to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI): either a second course of SSRI therapy or a different class of antidepressants. The goal of the present work was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Papakostas GI,Fava M,Thase ME

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Two Wistar rat lines selectively bred for either high (HAB) or low (LAB) anxiety-related behavior were used to identify neurobiological correlates of trait anxiety. METHODS:We used Fos expression for mapping of neuronal activation patterns in response to mild anxiety-provoking challenges. RESULTS:In both l...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Salomé N,Salchner P,Viltart O,Sequeira H,Wigger A,Landgraf R,Singewald N

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-eight psychiatric patients with computerized tomography (CT) findings of ventricular abnormality most likely to result from prenatal/perinatal lesions (VA group) were compared to 28 sex- and age-matched psychiatric patients with normal neuroradiological findings (NCT group). The neuroradiological rater was blin...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Franzek E,Becker T,Hofmann E,Flöhl W,Stöber G,Beckmann H

更新日期：1996-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. METHODS:Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were colle...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rajkowska G,Miguel-Hidalgo JJ,Dubey P,Stockmeier CA,Krishnan KR

更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:"Dale's Principle" states that each neuron releases one and only one synaptic transmitter. Mental disorders and behavioral drug effects are attributed to activation or blockade of one or more of these specific transmitters. A series of biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral studies suggests the alternative ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sabelli HC,Mosnaim AD,Vazquez AJ,Giardina WJ,Borison RL,Pedemonte WA

更新日期：1976-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Early emerging characteristics of visual orienting have been associated with a wide range of typical and atypical developmental outcomes. In the current study, we examined the development of visual disengagement in infants at risk for autism. METHODS:We measured the efficiency of disengaging from a central ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Elsabbagh M,Fernandes J,Webb SJ,Dawson G,Charman T,Johnson MH,British Autism Study of Infant Siblings Team.

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aberrant salience hypothesis proposes that striatal dopamine dysregulation causes misattribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli leading to psychosis. Recently, new lines of preclinical evidence on information coding by subcortical dopamine coupled with computational models of the brain's ability to predict and ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Howes OD,Hird EJ,Adams RA,Corlett PR,McGuire P

更新日期：2020-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic function is altered in schizophrenia. Of particular interest is the altered central nervous system expression of GABA-A receptor subunits, as changes in subunit expression account for recognized differences in mammalian brain function making them inviting targets for nove...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Mitchell CP,Grayson DR,Goldman MB

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Monoamine dysfunction, particularly of the serotonin system, has been the dominant hypothesis guiding research and treatment development in affective disorders. The majority of research has been performed in midlife depressed adults. The importance of understanding the neurobiology of depression in older adu...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Smith GS,Kramer E,Hermann C,Ma Y,Dhawan V,Chaly T,Eidelberg D

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6 (IL-6), can mediate the greater risk for cardiovascular disease in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly in those with comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD). However, IL-6 levels are not consistently eleva...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Gill J,Luckenbaugh D,Charney D,Vythilingam M

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Single-unit recording techniques and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection were used to measure the effects of neuroleptic pretreatment on the efficacy of dopamine transmission in the amygdaloid complex. Rats received twice-daily injections of clozapine (10.0 mg/kg), haloperidol (1.0 mg/kg), or vehicle ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Anderson GD,Rebec GV

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Several studies have found that alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) can effectively treat tardive dyskinesia (TD). A limitation of these trials is their short treatment durations (maximum of 12 weeks), which do not allow us to address the effects of long-term treatment. METHODS:To participate, patients had to have...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Adler LA,Edson R,Lavori P,Peselow E,Duncan E,Rosenthal M,Rotrosen J

更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Since the inception of the diagnosis posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attempts have been undertaken to understand why only a subpopulation of individuals exposed to trauma develops PTSD. Cerebral gray matter reductions have been suggested to be a crucial pathobiological marker of PTSD. However, a quanti...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Kühn S,Gallinat J

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Specific psychiatric disorders are characterized by impaired selective inhibition or "gating" of responses to sensory or cognitive information. Less is known about gating differences among normal individuals. We tested carefully screened controls in measures of central inhibition: prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle,...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Swerdlow NR,Filion D,Geyer MA,Braff DL

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:In specific vole and primate species the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in the regulation of pair-bonding behavior. Here we investigate the extent to which genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with pair-bonding and related social behaviors in humans. METHODS:We fi...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Walum H,Lichtenstein P,Neiderhiser JM,Reiss D,Ganiban JM,Spotts EL,Pedersen NL,Anckarsäter H,Larsson H,Westberg L

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Probenecid is used to block the transport of acid monoamine metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), on the assumption that the resultant rise in CSF concentrations of the metabolites will reflect presynaptic "turnover" of the parent monoamine. However, CSF levels of probenecid correlate with CSF levels of the meta...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Cowdry RW,Ebert MH,van Kammen DP,Post RM,Goodwin FK

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequencies of HLA antigens were examined in a sample of 75 patients with schizophrenia and 35 patients with mood disorders. We compared the data obtained from this population with data obtained in another study with 3731 healthy subjects. Statistically significant increases were observed in the frequencies of HLA...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ozcan ME,Taskin R,Banoglu R,Babacan M,Tuncer E

更新日期：1996-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Five fixed doses of the atypical antipsychotic "Seroquel" (quetiapine) were evaluated to delineate a dose-response relationship, as measured by changes from baseline in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and Modified Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) summary sco...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Arvanitis LA,Miller BG

更新日期：1997-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Abnormalities at several levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which may promote glucocorticoid dependent neurodegeneration, have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have explored the possibility that peripheral cortisol metabolism is enhanced and glucocorticoid ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Rasmuson S,Andrew R,Näsman B,Seckl JR,Walker BR,Olsson T

更新日期：2001-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural lithium (Li) salts, including those used routinely in manic depressive illness, consist of two stable nonradioactive isotopes: lithium-7 (Li-7) (92.6%) and lithium-6 (Li-6) (7.4%). Female rats (3 months old) were treated with either Li-7 chloride or Li-6 chloride or were untreated prior to and during gestation...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sechzer JA,Lieberman KW,Alexander GJ,Weidman D,Stokes PE

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Sleep after learning supports memory consolidation. However, long-lasting memory effects of sleep have not yet been investigated. Postlearning sleep may be particularly involved in the long-term retention of emotional memories and could thereby contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Wagner U,Hallschmid M,Rasch B,Born J

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Platelet MAO activity in schizophrenics was significantly decreased, by about 15%, after 3 weeks of treatment with haloperidol. Treatment with thioridazine or butaperazine also tended to decrease platelet MAO activity. The neuroleptic-induced decrease began to appear within a few days of treatment and did not show tol...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Ho BT,Smith RC,Kralik P,Allen R,Schoolar J,Khan M,DeJohn C

更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews and correlates three separate recent findings that implicate the one-carbon cycle in neuropsychiatric disease: (i) the demonstration by kinetic studies that the Vmax of methionine adenosine transferase (MAT) is reduced in some schizophrenics and depressives and is increased in some manics, and that ...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Smythies JR

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis has been reliably observed in patients with major depression. One of the primary features of this HPA axis hyperactivity is reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Pariante CM,Miller AH

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A patient with tardive neuroleptic-induced akathisia was investigated with multiple pharmacological challenges. It was noted that the patient responded positively to benztropine, bromocriptine, and propranolol, and negatively to physostigmine, and showed little or no response to discontinuation of neuroleptics and cha...

journal_title：Biological psychiatry

authors： Sachdev P,Chee KY

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00