Abstract：
:The effects of two putative attention-engaging maneuvers on tracking performance were studied in three groups of subjects: inpatients (n = 19), outpatients (n = 19), and controls (n = 20). One method involved realerting subjects during tracking by repeating instructions to track carefully. The second method, a signal detection task incorporated into the tracking stimulus, required that subjects signal their perception of brief interruptions of the tracking light by pressing a hand-held button. The tracking performance of inpatients was significantly inferior to that of both outpatients and controls, whereas tracking performance of these two latter groups did not differ. Verbal realerting did not significantly improve tracking performance in any group; moreover, during the administration of these instructions there was an increase in tracking errors in inpatients. Inpatients also made more tracking errors than comparison groups during signal detection trials. Other subject factors of possible relevance to tracking performance, e.g., age, gender, and level of arousal, were found not to covary with tracking accuracy in a manner which would explain the observed group differences. It is unlikely that voluntary inattention is the basis for the observed impaired tracking in hospitalized psychiatric patients; the data are more consistent with an interpretation based on heightened distractibility or information overload in these patients.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Pivik RTsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-12-01 00:00:00pages
859-79issue
6eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Panic is characterized as a disorder of interoceptive physiologic hyperarousal, secondary to persistent anticipation of panic attacks. The novel aim of this research was to investigate whether severity of agoraphobia within panic disorder covaries with the intensity of physiological reactions to imagery of p...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Altered bioavailability or altered pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone (dex) may contribute to a positive Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) in psychiatric patients. We measured plasma dex and plasma cortisol concentrations in 32 patients with primary major depressive disorder (MDD), 14 patients with other psychiatric...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90646-j
更新日期：1990-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neuropsychological studies in subjects with eating disorders (EDs) have reported conflicting findings, which might be accounted for by several confounding variables, including neuroendocrine changes. METHODS:General abilities, executive functions, attention, and noneffortful learning were assessed in 45 pat...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01668-2
更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows investigation of in vivo neurochemical pathology of schizophrenia. "First generation" studies, focusing on phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have suggested alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolism and reductions in N-acetyl aspartate in the frontal and...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00940-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Regional brain perfusion in patients during alcohol-withdrawal has been relatively less studied with brain SPECT technique. In this study, the hypothesis that possible regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) alterations due to alcohol withdrawal might be transitory in a homogenous group of alcoholic patients in ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00322-3
更新日期：1998-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The cognitive deficits of schizophrenia are largely resistant to current treatments and thus are a lifelong illness burden. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) provides a reliable and valid assessment of cognition across ma...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.017
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neurobiologic abnormalities in the thalamus have been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. We recently reported increased thalamic volume in treatment-naive pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder patients versus case-matched healthy comparison subjects that decreased to levels...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00902-1
更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The McLean-Harvard First-Episode Project recruited affective and nonaffective patients at their first lifetime psychiatric hospitalization. METHODS:Baseline evaluation and 6-month follow-up in 257 cases yielded recovery outcomes defined by syndromal (absence of DSM-IV criteria for a current episode) and fun...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00915-x
更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past 20 years, converging lines of evidence have both linked glutamatergic dysfunction to the pathophysiology of depression and demonstrated that the glutamatergic synapse presents multiple targets for developing novel antidepressants. The robust antidepressant effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ant...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.021
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Experimental animal studies suggest that early glucocorticoid exposure may have lasting effects on the neurodevelopment of the offspring; animal studies also suggest that this effect may be eliminated by positive postnatal rearing. The relevance of these findings to humans is not known. METHODS:We prospecti...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of models of the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases that build on recent advances in chemical neuroanatomy will help to guide future research. The interconnections among limbic, basal ganglia, and cortical structures are used to form the basis of a hypothesis of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90295-w
更新日期：1991-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. To determine whether the 4977-base-pair deletion in mtDNA is more frequent in affective disorders, we quantitated the concentration of this deletion in leukocyte mtDNA in 34 probands with affective disorders (20 bipola...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00377-0
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper discusses the current practice of using single word labels for emotional states that ignore the nature of the incentive, cognitive representations, physiologic profile, and especially the developmental stage of the agent. The universal cognitive advances that are derivatives of brain maturation over the fir...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01115-5
更新日期：2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been generally accepted that increased thyroid function facilitates treatment response in depression. Recent data show that response to several antidepressant treatments, particularly lithium and carbamazepine, are associated with decreased thyroid hormone levels. An alternative hypothesis that decreased thyroi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural lithium (Li) salts, including those used routinely in manic depressive illness, consist of two stable nonradioactive isotopes: lithium-7 (Li-7) (92.6%) and lithium-6 (Li-6) (7.4%). Female rats (3 months old) were treated with either Li-7 chloride or Li-6 chloride or were untreated prior to and during gestation...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90308-2
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methylphenidate has been shown elsewhere to improve hyperactivity in about half of treated children who have pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) and significant hyperactive-inattentive symptoms. We present secondary analyses to better define the scope of effects of methylphenidate on symptoms that define...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.028
更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The gene encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling 4 has recently been associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. This finding is particularly interesting, because it was replicated within the same study and also because there are functional, positional, and expression data to support the regulator...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.002
更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:As many patients still require maintenance neuroleptic medication, it is important to determine what factors affect the course of tardive dyskinesia (TD) during ongoing neuroleptic treatment. In this study the data are from a series of annual examinations using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) in a cohor...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90071-7
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activity is increased in frontal cortex of subjects with bipolar affective disorder, and lithium was demonstrated to inhibit PKC translocation to membranes. Protein kinase C is anchored to the membrane via the receptor for activated C kinase-1 (RACK1), suggesting that interact...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01147-7
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a continuing interest in the possible role of the trace amine tryptamine in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We have therefore examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the major metabolite of tryptamine, in a large group of normals and in several patient popula...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dietary administration of L-tryptophan to rats failed to increase blood platelets. Instead platelet counts were decreased after feeding either a tryptophan-deficient or tryptophan-enriched (10%) diet, but were unchanged in animals on a 1% tryptophan diet. Platelet median volumes were not affected by any of these dieta...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy is an individual psychotherapy designed specifically for the treatment for bipolar disorder. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy grew from a chronobiological model of bipolar disorder postulating that individuals with bipolar disorder have a genetic predisposition to circadi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00969-0
更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several clinical investigations have suggested that captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), currently used as an antihypertensive agent, exhibited anti-depressant properties in humans. The present experiment was evaluated for potential antidepressive activity of captopril on the learned helplessn...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90034-y
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigates the relationship between depression and both anatomic and cerebral blood flow abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Ten nondepressed MS patients were compared with 10 depressed MS patients matched for age, sex, and functional disability. Both groups were evaluated by means of neuro...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00291-x
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The incubation of cue-induced drug craving in rodents provides a model of persistent vulnerability to craving and relapse in human addicts. After prolonged withdrawal, incubated cocaine craving depends on strengthening of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core synapses through incorporation of Ca2+-permeable alpha-ami...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although much is now known about the neural basis of fear acquisition, the mechanisms of fear inhibition or suppression remain largely obscure. Fear inhibition is studied in the laboratory through the use of an extinction procedure, in which an animal (typically a rat) is exposed to nonreinforced presentations of a co...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01507-x
更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGOUND:Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is devastating and poorly treated, and innovative targets are actively sought for prevention and treatment. The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR88 is enriched in mesocorticolimbic pathways, and Gpr88 knockout mice show hyperactivity and risk-taking behavior, but a potential rol...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.01.026
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Amphetamine administration induces stimulation-independent dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) through reverse dopamine transport, a critical neurochemical event involved in its psychostimulant action, and furthermore decreases stimulation-dependent vesicular dopamine release. These effects may ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.007
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A broad definition of sensory gating refers to the ability of the brain to modulate its sensitivity to incoming sensory stimuli. This definition allows the concept of gating to include both the capacities to minimize or stop responding to incoming irrelevant stimuli (gating out) and to respond when a novel stimulus is...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00253-4
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In four series of studies on schizophrenic patients and normals we found that all the schizophrenics eliminated N, N-dimethyltryptamines in their urine while none of the normals did so. Similarly, with early infantile autism (Studies I and II) and normal controls, this separation between patiens and normals still held...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
