Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The ability to spontaneously attend to the social overtures and activities of others is essential for the development of social cognition and communication. This ability is critically impaired in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, it is not clear if prodromal symptoms in this area are already present in the first year of life of those affected by the disorder. METHODS:To examine whether 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with ASD exhibit atypical spontaneous social monitoring skills, visual responses of 67 infants at high-risk and 50 at low-risk for ASD were studied using an eye-tracking task. Based on their clinical presentation in the third year, infants were divided into those with ASD, those exhibiting atypical development, and those developing typically. RESULTS:Compared with the control groups, 6-month-old infants later diagnosed with ASD attended less to the social scene, and when they did look at the scene, they spent less time monitoring the actress in general and her face in particular. Limited attention to the actress and her activities was not accompanied by enhanced attention to objects. CONCLUSIONS:Prodromal symptoms of ASD at 6 months include a diminished ability to attend spontaneously to people and their activities. A limited attentional bias toward people early in development is likely to have a detrimental impact on the specialization of social brain networks and the emergence of social interaction patterns. Further investigation into its underlying mechanisms and role in psychopathology of ASD in the first year is warranted.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Chawarska K,Macari S,Shic Fdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
195-203issue
3eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(12)01030-Xjournal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are implicated in the pathophysiology of affective disorders. To determine whether the 4977-base-pair deletion in mtDNA is more frequent in affective disorders, we quantitated the concentration of this deletion in leukocyte mtDNA in 34 probands with affective disorders (20 bipola...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00377-0
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Abnormalities at several levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which may promote glucocorticoid dependent neurodegeneration, have been reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study we have explored the possibility that peripheral cortisol metabolism is enhanced and glucocorticoid ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01015-5
更新日期：2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Knockout (KO) mice invalidated for the dopamine transporter (DAT) constitute a powerful animal model of neurobiological alterations associated with hyperdopaminergia relevant to schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:Because of continuously increasing evidence for a neuro...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.019
更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A 37-year-old female with Capgras syndrome was assessed on psychometric and neuropsychological measures. Significant neuropsychological deficits suggesting a frontal-temporal cerebral dysfunction were observed. The results demonstrate that the Capgras delusion involves more than an inability to recognize faces, althou...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a genetic risk component, yet identification of high-confidence risk genes has been challenging. In recent years, risk gene discovery in other complex psychiatric disorders has been achieved by studying rare de novo (DN) cod...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.029
更新日期：2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mounting evidence suggests that overeating may be conceptualized within the same behavioral and neurobiological framework as drug addiction. One potentially important difference between overeating versus drug abuse refers to the sensory stimulation of oral receptors by palatable foods, a feature that may be ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.028
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because available evidence suggests that alterations in the serotonergic as well as dopaminergic tones underlie hallucinatory activity, we decided to investigate whether serotonin and dopamine pathways are modified in alcoholics with a history of hallucinosis. Brain serotonin has been shown to depend on the plasma rat...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(85)90175-1
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:High rates of comorbidity, shared risk, and overlapping therapeutic mechanisms have led psychopathology research toward transdiagnostic dimensional investigations of clustered symptoms. One influential framework accounts for these transdiagnostic phenomena through a single general factor, sometimes referred ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To confirm and extend previous observations concerning the correlation between cell-mediated immunity and psychiatric diseases, 511 patients with schizophrenia, cerebral atrophy, dementia, and mental retardation, and 32 control subjects and 27 control patients were skin-tested with human brain S-100 protein and human ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic function is altered in schizophrenia. Of particular interest is the altered central nervous system expression of GABA-A receptor subunits, as changes in subunit expression account for recognized differences in mammalian brain function making them inviting targets for nove...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.017
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:IgA antibody levels in serum were examined in two groups of schizophrenic patients. All were diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria. One group of 36 males and 12 females were compared to historical controls. The other group consisted of 13 males off drugs for at least 3 months; these were compared with age- and sex...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00176-4
更新日期：1995-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some cases of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may be triggered by emotional states such as anger, but it is not known if acute depressed mood can act as a trigger. METHODS:295 men and women with a verified ACS were studied. Depressed mood in the two hours before ACS symptom onset was compared with the same pe...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.041
更新日期：2006-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is evidence that dysfunction within associative frontostriatal circuits represents a feature of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous neuropsychologic studies have yielded diverging results, which may in part be explained by differences in the selection of subjects and methods. The present stud...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00355-7
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Relations between stress hormones and antisocial behavior are understudied. METHODS:A subsample (n = 335) of at-risk males recruited in first grade for a longitudinal study were recruited at approximately 16 years of age for a laboratory study, including two psychological challenges: describing their worst ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.041
更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased physical activity is a common feature of anorexia nervosa (AN). Although high activity levels are associated with greater risk of developing AN, particularly when combined with dieting, most individuals who diet and exercise maintain a healthy body weight. It is unclear why some individuals develop...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.030
更新日期：2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Symptom provocation is used to study a wide variety of medical disorders. In contrast to other areas of medicine, the application of these procedures to the study of mental disease has generated significant scientific, political, and public debate. Purported differences include an overabundance of these proc...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01221-5
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A deficit in sustained attention might serve as an endophenotype for schizophrenia and therefore be a useful tool in understanding the genetic underpinnings of the disorder. We sought to detail functional brain abnormalities associated with sustained attention (i.e., vigilance) in individuals with genetic li...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.017
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intuitive association between self-focused rumination in major depressive disorder (MDD) and the self-referential operations performed by the brain's default-mode network (DMN) has prompted interest in examining the role of the DMN in MDD. In this article, we present meta-analytic findings showing reliably increas...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.020
更新日期：2015-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed skill learning in young and older schizophrenic patients using the rotary pursuit task. Schizophrenic patients displayed impaired learning on this task compared with normal control subjects, but older patients were not more impaired than young ones. The patients' rotary pursuit learning was not correlated ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00130-1
更新日期：1996-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent evidence from clinical studies and animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) suggest that neuronal and glial loss might progress after the initial insult in selectively vulnerable regions of the brain such as the hippocampus. There is also evidence that hippocampal dysfunction plays a role in the ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.024
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven healthy men were confined in a metabolic research unit for 120 days in a double-blind study of the effects of dietary selenium on mood as assessed by the Profile of Mood States-Bipolar Form. At an intake of 2800 kcal/day, the diet of conventional foods provided 80 micrograms/day of selenium for the first 21 day...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00085-2
更新日期：1996-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Emerging evidence suggests disruptions in the wiring organization of the brain's network in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). As the importance of genetic predisposition has been firmly established in these illnesses, children (offspring) of patients constitute an at-risk population. This study e...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.013
更新日期：2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic stress is a major health concern, often leading to depression, anxiety, or when severe enough, posttraumatic stress disorder. While many studies demonstrate that the amygdala is hyperresponsive in patients with these disorders, the cellular neurophysiological effects of chronic stress on the systems ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.008
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This study shows that chronic, long-hospitalized schizophrenics perform (tested by the Famous Events Questionnaire) at a higher level on remote memory than they do on word list recall. A post hoc, matched-tasks check suggested that this finding was not due to differences in the discriminating power of the tasks. Relat...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(87)90133-8
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chromium picolinate (CP) has been reported to benefit patients with symptoms of atypical depression. METHODS:A placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study of CP was conducted in 15 patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder, atypical type. Patients received 600 micro g of CP or matching placebo (PBO) ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01500-7
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A decreased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in depression. In order to further investigate this hypothesis, we studied the plasma level of the specific peptidergic carrier of AVP, vasopressin neurophysin (hNpI), in 26 depressed inpatients and 16 matched normal controls. On the other hand, A...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90423-y
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The DBH gene regulates plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity (pDbetaH). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -1021C-->T (rs1611115; SNP1) and +1603C-->T (rs6271; SNP3), independently influence pDbetaH. Another SNP, commonly known as DBH Taq1A (rs2519152; SNP2) is associated with attention-deficit/...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.02.017
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) continues to represent a major challenge for treating clinicians. This report reviews the relevant literature to evaluate whether TRD can be considered a specific subtype of depression based on 1) clinical characteristics and course (behavioral phenotype), 2) neurobiological profil...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01670-0
更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alterations of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mediated negative feedback inhibition of cortisol might contribute to abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) activity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS:In a placebo-controlled study, we examined 11 subjects with PTSD and 11 healthy...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.014
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenics show deficits in sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (PPI). The goal of this investigation is to further characterize PPI and habituation deficits in schizophrenia, and to examine whether differing subgroups of schizophrenics would show comparable PPI de...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00148-1
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
