Abstract:
:Animal studies indicate that seizures can be produced reliably with a fraction of the electrical energy now required by currently available electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) instruments. This may result in further reduction of the side effects of ECT. The stimulus energy does not necessarily correspond to the energy deposited in the brain tissue, and electrostimulatory dosimetry needs further refinement. With these reservations, data are presented suggesting that the optimal stimulus, i.e., the stimulus capable of producing seizures reliably with the least energy, consists of brief, unidirectional pulses, between 40 and 60 microseconds in duration, applied at a frequency between 100 and 300 Hz. The relevance of these findings to the use of existing ECT instruments is discussed. A device capable of producing such a stimulus has been built and is awaiting clinical trials.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Hyrman V,Palmer LH,Cernik J,Jetelina Jdoi
10.1016/0006-3223(85)90098-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-06-01 00:00:00pages
634-45issue
6eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
0006-3223(85)90098-8journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Reduced responsiveness to positive incentives is a central feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In the present study, we compared neural correlates of monetary incentive processing in unmedicated depressed participants and never-depressed control subjects. METHODS:Fourteen currently depressed and 12 ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.07.023
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Benzodiazepines modulate γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors throughout the brain. However, it is not fully understood which brain regions within anxiety-related brain circuits are really responsible for their anxiolytic effects and how these regions interact. METHODS:We investigated whether the ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.09.004
更新日期:2013-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::A nutritional survey, the Pittsburgh Appetite Test (PAT), was developed to study potential changes in appetite and food preference reported by patients during a depressive episode and during antidepressant treatment. We examined a group of 50 depressed outpatients who were drug-free for 2 weeks prior to treatment with...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90180-6
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The smooth pursuit responses to 5 degrees and 20 degrees/sec constant-velocity stimuli were recorded from 23 patients with schizophrenia, 16 affective disorder patients, and 21 normals using low-noise infrared oculography. Pursuit gain, catch-up saccade (CUS) rate and amplitude, and their interrelationships were exami...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90248-k
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have raised concerns about subtle long-lasting neurobiological changes that might be triggered by exposure to Cannabis derivatives, especially in a critical phase of brain maturation, such as puberty. The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system, involved in the processing of drug-induced reward, is a ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.05.006
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic but not acute treatment with antidepressants increases hippocampal neurogenesis. Because chronic treatment with antidepressants also upregulates p11, we hypothesized that p11 might regulate effects of antidepressants on aspects of neurogenesis. METHODS:Fluoxetine was administered chronically to wild...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.024
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recognition of specific individuals is fundamental to mammalian social behavior and is mediated in most mammals by the main and accessory olfactory systems. Both these systems innervate the medial amygdala (MeA), where activity of the neuropeptide oxytocin is thought to mediate social recognition memory (SRM...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.022
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The val66met variant located within the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) has previously been associated with human neuroticism, a dimension of personality strongly predictive of depressive illness. METHODS:Here we report an attempt to replicate this association using three populations of extrem...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.014
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have reported elevated S100B serum levels in schizophrenia. Our study focused on its scavenger, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE). Given the benefits of sRAGE in metabolic and inflammatory diseases, we hypothesized a similar effect in schizophrenia. METHODS:S100B a...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.044
更新日期:2009-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pathogenic mutations in the X-linked Neuroligin 4 gene (NLGN4X) in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and/or mental retardation (MR) are rare. However, nothing is known regarding a possible altered expression level of NLGN4X that would be caused by mutations in regulatory sequences. We investigated this issue ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.008
更新日期:2009-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Psychomotor retardation is a frequently observed clinical feature of depressive states. This study attempted to assess the relationship between response slowness and central nervous system (CNS) activity by examining cortical evoked potentials (EPs) during psychomotor task performance. Patients consisted of 21 women w...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90149-1
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A polymorphism of the human serotonin transporter gene (SCL6A4) has been associated with serotonin transporter expression and with processing of aversive stimuli in the amygdala. Functional imaging studies show that during the presentation of aversive versus neutral cues, healthy carriers of the short (s) al...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.019
更新日期:2007-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::A decreased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in depression. In order to further investigate this hypothesis, we studied the plasma level of the specific peptidergic carrier of AVP, vasopressin neurophysin (hNpI), in 26 depressed inpatients and 16 matched normal controls. On the other hand, A...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90423-y
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90455-b
更新日期:1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Injection of ferric chloride (FC) into the left amygdala of rats produced limbic seizures that lasted at least 3 weeks. In addition, FC-injected animals demonstrated motor impairment, decreased protesting vocalizations, and spontaneous stereotypies during a behavioral examination. An increase in apomorphine-induced st...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(85)90151-9
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Solid evidence links schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility to neurodevelopmental processes involving tyrosine phosphorylation-mediated signaling. Mouse studies implicate the Ptpra gene, encoding protein tyrosine phosphatase RPTPα, in the control of radial neuronal migration, cortical cytoarchitecture, and oligod...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.06.016
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elderly depressed patients have more vascular hyperintensities in frontal white matter and basal ganglia than elderly control subjects. Cell pathology that might be related to increased vascular hyperintensities has not been examined. METHODS:Postmortem samples from the orbitofrontal cortex (ORB) were colle...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.013
更新日期:2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to extend our previous work on the therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression to patients with schizophrenia. METHODS:Thirty-five inpatients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either right prefrontal rTMS or sham treatm...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00182-1
更新日期:1999-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, so far there is limited direct evidence of altered in vivo glutamate concentrations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission might play a ro...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.041
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent findings indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) counteract the rewarding effects of nicotine in rats. Inhibition of FAAH increases levels of several endogenous substances in the brain, including the endocannabinoid anandamide and the noncannabinoid fatty acid ethanolamides oleoy...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.009
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aberrant salience hypothesis proposes that striatal dopamine dysregulation causes misattribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli leading to psychosis. Recently, new lines of preclinical evidence on information coding by subcortical dopamine coupled with computational models of the brain's ability to predict and ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.03.012
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The reported inverse relationship between indices of central serotonin (5-HT) function and indices of impulsive aggression in human subjects suggests the possibility that enhancement of 5-HT activity will reduce impulsive aggressive behavior. Although evidence for this hypothesis is emerging, the relationshi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(97)00309-0
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The categorical approach to defining schizophrenia spectrum disorders requires meeting established criteria. To advance early identification and intervention in young people, the field has progressed to studying help-seeking individuals who are at clinical high risk based on subthreshold psychosis spectrum symptoms, a...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.002
更新日期:2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In specific vole and primate species the neuropeptide oxytocin plays a central role in the regulation of pair-bonding behavior. Here we investigate the extent to which genetic variants in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are associated with pair-bonding and related social behaviors in humans. METHODS:We fi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.09.002
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:GPR88 is an orphan G protein coupled receptor highly enriched in the striatum, and previous studies have focused on GPR88 function in striatal physiology. The receptor is also expressed in other brain areas, and here we examined whether GPR88 function extends beyond striatal-mediated responses. METHODS:We c...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.020
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an explosion of interest in the study of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota) and their impact on host health and physiology. Accumulating data suggest that altered communication between gut microbiota and host systems could participate in disorders such as obesity, diab...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.014
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite a prominent malnourished state, anorexics are unexpectedly free from infection. Several studies have shown that the cell-mediated immunity of anorexics might be well preserved, but results are conflicting. METHODS:Lymphocyte subsets, lymphoproliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and soluble in...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00082-1
更新日期:1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates whether response to total sleep deprivation in depressed patients may be predicted by the presence of diurnal variation of mood. Diurnal variation was measured with two different self-rating scales in 140 untreated depressed patients. Sleep deprivation responders manifest a higher percentage of...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90050-a
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A growing body of preclinical research suggests that brain glutamate systems may be involved in the pathophysiology of major depression and the mechanism of action of antidepressants. This is the first placebo-controlled, double-blinded trial to assess the treatment effects of a single dose of an N-methyl-D-...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00230-9
更新日期:2000-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two previous studies reported a significant association between a missense polymorphism (Val66Met) in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and bipolar disorder; however, contradictory negative results have also been reported, necessitating further investigation. METHODS:We organized a multicent...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.017
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00