Abstract：
:The relative efficiencies of microdialysis probes were determined both in vitro and in vivo using tritiated water. Tritiated water (THO) freely distributes throughout the fluid spaces of an experimental animal and, at equilibrium, the brain extracellular concentration of THO is the same as the plasma concentration. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the right caudoputamen of anesthetized rats. The rats were injected with THO and after one hour microdialysis samples were collected at flow rates between 0.2 and 10.0 ul/min. The in vitro relative efficiency for THO was computed as the ratio of the THO concentration in the dialysate to that of the solution the probe was immersed in. The in vivo relative efficiency was computed as the ratio of the concentration of THO in the brain dialysate to that measured in the plasma of the rat. Both the in vitro and in vivo relative efficiencies for THO decrease with increasing flow rates, but they differ from each other except at very low flow rates (less than 0.25 ul/min). The in vitro relative efficiency at a given probe flow is the maximum efficiency that can be attained in vivo at that flow. The surface of effective exchange (Se) is the fraction of that maximum which is attained in vivo. This study also demonstrates how the effective surface area can be computed at any probe flow rate and how it can be used as a correction factor.
journal_name
Life Scijournal_title
Life sciencesauthors
Alexander GM,Grothusen JR,Schwartzman RJdoi
10.1016/0024-3205(88)90063-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
595-601issue
7eissn
0024-3205issn
1879-0631pii
0024-3205(88)90063-Xjournal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
LIFE SCIENCES文献大全abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) modulates various events through several different pathways. Many tumor cells are resistant to this cytokine. Pretreatment of these cells with actinomycin D enhances TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of this enhancement and whether ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.012
更新日期：2003-12-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Human, dog and rabbit corpus cavernosum type 5 phosphodiesterases (PDE5) were isolated and their characteristics were compared. The three enzymes showed Km values of 0.8, 2.1 and 2.3 uM, respectively. They exhibited similar pH-dependence with optimal pH being 7.5. They required Mg++ for activity and the activity was s...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(01)00989-4
更新日期：2001-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, serum S100B has been used as a secondary endpoint in some clinical trials, in which serum S100B has successfully indicated the benefits or harm done by the tested agents. Compared to clinical stroke studies, few experimental stroke studies report using serum S100B as a surrogate marker for estimating ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2007.06.031
更新日期：2007-08-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurological diseases are becoming increasingly prominent worldwide due to rapidly aging populations, which greatly contributes to increasing healthcare costs. The development of neuroprotective drugs has so far proven exceptionally difficult due to the blood-brain barrier. One novel approach to address this challenge...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.025
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a 9-kD polypeptide that was first isolated in 1983 from rat brain by monitoring its ability to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the extracellular domain of the type A receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA receptor) and from the mitoch...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(91)90440-m
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 (YGGFMRF) and opiate receptors in rat, guinea pig and human lung was investigated with specific and sensitive radio immuno- and radio-receptor assays. 1) High and low molecular weight YGGFMRF-like immunoreactivity were detected in lung extracts using Bio-Gel P-2 column chromat...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(83)90768-3
更新日期：1983-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:In rat brain microvessels, tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) caused a significant inhibition of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities, in a dose-dependent manner. THA resulted to be a more potent inhibitor of BuChE than AChE. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that Km (app) and V were alt...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90553-f
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a laterality questionnaire, 138 normal healthy individuals were classified as right-sided and 25 as non-right sided. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was generated from whole blood obtained from these subjects using mitogen (PHA) stimulation. IL-2 was quantitated in picograms/ml using an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Addition...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(92)90035-n
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammalian systems; it can be found in organs such as bones, the liver, kidney, heart, teeth, and skin. Collagen provides the necessary structural framework for tissues in which it is found. However, if there are any alterations in the delicate balance of collagen types in the e...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.042
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we evaluated whether butein can inhibit the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), an inflammatory mediator, in intestinal epithelial HT-29 cells. Butein significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and mRNA expression. Moreover, butein suppressed the expression ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2007.09.024
更新日期：2007-11-10 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Limited clinical and experimental studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may inhibit gastric cancer growth. However, the mechanisms involved are not completely understood and cannot be explained by COX-2 inhibition alone. MAPK signaling pathway is essential for cell proliferation...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01411-4
更新日期：2001-11-09 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present report, the putative effect of a single electrical stimulation (75, 150 or 300 microA) to the baso-lateral amygdala (BLA) nucleus was assessed in shock probe defensive burying behavior test (DB) and elevated plus maze (EPM). These models have been used for measuring anxiety levels and screening putative...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(02)02335-4
更新日期：2003-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous results demonstrated that estradiol (E2) treatment of ovariectomized-adrenalectomized (OVX-ADX) rats increased glucocorticoid (GC) binding in brain regions. The experimental protocol was extended to the spinal cord, a GC target tissue in which ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is markedly induced by GC treatment....
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90460-k
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective efficacies and potent mechanisms of combination therapy with semaglutide and rosiglitazone (RSG) on the high-glucose incubated human ARPE-19 cells and diabetic retinopathy (DR) model rats. MAIN METHODS:The CCK-8 methods were used to evaluate the protective effects of semaglutide...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.119013
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of Peruvoside and mechanism of action in human cancers. MAIN METHODS:Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the cell cycle arrest was identified by FACS. Real-time qPCR and western blotting studies were performed to identify important gene and protein expressions in the di...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117147
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The objective of this study is to investigate glucosamine (GlcN) as a transcriptional regulator of iNOS and other genes in association with the dynamic O-GlcNAcylation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). MAIN METHODS:The LPS- and/or GlcN-stimulated transcriptional activities of various Gal4-binding site/TATA-box-conta...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2014.06.011
更新日期：2014-08-21 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effect of 7-OH-DPAT on spontaneous locomotor activity that is enhanced in diabetic mice. 7-OH-DPAT (0.1-30 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently decreased the enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity in diabetic mice, but not in nondiabetic mice. When mice were pretreated with of 7-OH-DPAT (0.1 mg/kg), morphine...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00363-3
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which is characterized by excessive matrix formation, may ultimately lead to irreversible lung damage and thus death. Fibroblast activation has been regarded as a central event during PF pathogenesis. In our previous study, we confirmed that the miR-627/high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119085
更新日期：2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of nimodipine on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activities in brains in transient focal cerebral ischemia rats, in cultured mouse neurons and astroglial cells and bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) was investigated. The administration of nimodipine (3 mg.kg(-1), p.o., twice a day, for 3 days) bef...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the novel anticonvulsant felbamate, which binds to the 5-7 dichlorokynurenic binding sites, were tested towards the CA1 epileptiform activity induced in rat hippocampal slices by kainic acid. The effects of the kynurenic acid derivatives 7-chlorokynurenic acid and 5-7 dichlorokynurenic acid and of the N...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00251-2
更新日期：1996-05-24 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined a hypothesis that alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) can antagonizes the anorexia induced by intracerebroventricular injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). Food intake of the rats deprived of food for 18 h was significantly inhibited by 4 h after intracerebroventricular injection of CRF...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90620-i
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opiate binding sites have been characterized on membranes from bovine adrenal medullas and six human pheochromocytomas. In human tumors, large variations in site distribution were observed. Kappa and benzomorphan sites represented the majority of the sites detected. The heterogeneity of the opiate sites on these tissu...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(83)90501-5
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To analyze the metabolisms of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) when platelets and mesangial cells (MC) interact, immunoreactive thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and PAF were measured after incubation of cultured rat MC with platelets (P) and with platelet supernatants (PS). In both cases, TxB2 significa...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(95)02030-m
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were studied in brain regions after intraventricular injection of kainic acid. Hexokinase activity was decreased by 10-15% in various regions while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity remained unaltered. Soluble hexokinase activity, which remained the ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(91)90471-m
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Evidence suggests that hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure causes biochemical and molecular level perturbations in brain resulting in associated cognitive dysfunction. However, the possible effect of HH on amygdala and the associated limbic regions based functions remains elusive. Regulated fear expression is essentia...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117555
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A completely randomized controlled study based on a rabbit model was designed to study the effect of repetitive ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on a spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury. Twenty four white adult Japanese rabbits were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups (n = 8 per group): Group I: sham-operation ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.014
更新日期：2006-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 or IP6) is ubiquitous. At 10 microM to 1 mM concentrations, IP6 and its lower phosphorylated forms (IP(1-5)) as well as inositol (Ins) are contained in most mammalian cells, wherein they are important in regulating vital cellular functions such as signal transduction, cell proliferation a...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00092-1
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Exposure to glucose and its metabolites in peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) results in structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Icodextrin-containing PDF eliminates glucose and reduces deterioration of peritoneal membrane function, but direct effects of icodextrin molecules on peritoneal mesothelial cells...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.036
更新日期：2012-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The opioid peptides [Met] enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, [Met]-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, and BAM-12P were identified in various ares of human brain by use of a combination of radioimmunoassay (RIA), gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest levels of each peptide were found in striatum, fo...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(83)90439-3
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the mechanism of anoxic vasoconstriction, precontracted rat aortic rings were exposed to 95% N2, which caused additional contraction. Reoxygenation (95% O2) resulted in initial relaxation followed by contraction. Indomethacin did not affect anoxic contraction or reoxygenation-mediated events, but NG-monom...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(91)90316-4
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
