Abstract:
:A myriad of pathogens gain access to the host via the mucosal route; thus, vaccinations that protect against mucosal pathogens are critical. Pathogens such as HIV, HSV, and influenza enter the host at mucosal sites such as the intestinal, urogenital, and respiratory tracts. All currently licensed vaccines mediate protection by inducing the production of antibodies which can limit pathogen replication at the site of infection. Unfortunately, parenteral vaccination rarely induces the production of an antigen-specific antibody at mucosal surfaces and thus relies on transudation of systemically generated antibody to mucosal surfaces to mediate protection. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) consist of a complex network of immune organs and tissues that orchestrate the interaction between the host, commensal microbes, and pathogens at these surfaces. This complexity necessitates strict control of the entry and exit of lymphocytes in the MALT. This control is mediated by chemoattractant chemokines or cytokines which recruit immune cells expressing the cognate receptors and adhesion molecules. Exploiting mucosal chemokine trafficking pathways to mobilize specific subsets of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues in the context of vaccination has improved immunogenicity and efficacy in preclinical models. This review describes the novel use of MALT chemokines as vaccine adjuvants. Specific attention will be placed upon the use of such adjuvants to enhance HIV-specific mucosal humoral immunity in the context of prophylactic vaccination.
journal_name
J Immunol Resjournal_title
Journal of immunology researchauthors
Gary EN,Kutzler MAdoi
10.1155/2018/3734207subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-13 00:00:00pages
3734207eissn
2314-8861issn
2314-7156journal_volume
2018pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with great heterogeneity in pathogenesis and clinical symptoms. Rheumatoid factor (RF) is one key indicator for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while immunoglobulin E (IgE) is associated with type I hypersensitivity. To better categorize SLE subtypes, w...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2017/5096741
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosal surfaces in the airways and the gastrointestinal tract are critical for the interactions of the host with its environment. Due to their abundance at mucosal tissue sites and their powerful immunomodulatory capacities, the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and natural killer T (NKT) cells in the maintenance ...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2014/546596
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline compounds with over 60 years of safe clinical usage. CQ and HCQ are able to inhibit the production of cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-22. Also, CQ and HCQ inhibit the production of interferon- (IFN-) α a...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2020/4582612
更新日期:2020-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Recruitment of human NK cells to porcine tissues has been demonstrated in pig organs perfused ex vivo with human blood in the early 1990s. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms leading to adhesion and cytotoxicity in human NK cell-porcine endothelial cell (pEC) interactions have been elucidated in vitro to identify t...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/4627384
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In organ transplantation, alloantigens are taken up by antigen presenting cells and presented via the indirect pathway to T-cells which in turn can induce allograft rejection. Monitoring of these T-cells is of major importance; however no reliable assay is available to routinely monitor indirect allorecognition. Recen...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/4215684
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Aims:This study is aimed at exploring the relation between IL-33 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods:SNPStats (online software) was used to test the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in controls. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was adopted...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/1547578
更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Bone is sensitive to overactive immune responses, which initiate the onset of inflammatory bone disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, resulting in a significant systemic inflammatory response. On the other hand, neuroinflammation is strongly implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which can be enh...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/471342
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reduning injection is a traditional Chinese medicine injection which has multiple functions such as clearing heat, dispelling wind, and detoxification. Although Reduning injection was widely utilized, reports of its allergenicity emerged one after another. However, there is little research on its allergenic substances...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/4895672
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently have proved that excessive fecal DCA caused by high-fat diet may serve as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern to activate NLRP3 inflammasome and thus contributes to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, the effect of DCA on inflammasome activation is mainly mediated t...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/2481418
更新日期:2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria continues being a high-impact disease regarding public health worldwide; the WHO report for malaria in 2018 estimated that ~219 million cases occurred in 2017, mostly caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The disease cost the lives of more than 400,000 people, mainly in Africa. In spite of great effort...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/3832513
更新日期:2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Candida albicans is a fungus that is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. Normally, C. albicans exists as a harmless commensal and does not trigger inflammatory responses by resident macrophages in skin mucosa, which may be caused by a tolerance of skin macrophage to C. albicans. IL-34 is a recently discovered cytokin...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/328146
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder; abnormal T cell immunity plays a critical role in the development of RA. Recently, A20 was identified as a key negative regulator for T cell activation and inflammatory signaling and may be involved in RA pathogenesis. In this study, we analyzed the exp...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/492872
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background and Aim:The presumed role of the inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 (CD305) in the inflammatory response suggests that it might contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases such as liver cirrhosis. We studied the LAIR-1 expression on liver macrophages and blood monocytes related to the progress...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/2974753
更新日期:2019-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus present in normal human skin microbiota, which exerts important immunomodulatory effects, when used as heat- or phenol-killed suspensions. We previously demonstrated that heat-killed P. acnes or its soluble polysaccharide (PS), extracted from the...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/132083
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important function of the immune system is its ability to differentiate between healthy cells in the organism and "foreign" cells, allowing the latest to be attacked and the first ones to be conserved. The most important molecules in this process are considered to be checkpoint inhibitors. This review is focused on...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/4625472
更新日期:2018-10-17 00:00:00
abstract::Although cancer immunotherapy has shown significant promise in mediating efficacious responses, it remains encumbered by tumor heterogeneity, loss of tumor-specific antigen targets, and the regulatory milieu both regionally and systemically. Cross talk between the innate and adaptive immune response may be requisite t...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/3145742
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells are known to be involved in numerous immune-mediated diseases, but their pathological role in psoriasis is less fully investigated. Herein, we aimed to identify whether cTfh cells contributed to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The frequency and function of cTfh cells were co...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2016/7346030
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSES:To investigate the possible changes in B cell subsets and in B cell expression patterns of lipid rafts (LRs) and F-actin in patients with SLE and whether leflunomide treatment may have effect on these changes. METHODS:The B cell subsets and LRs expression were determined by flow cytometry and confocal microsc...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/832916
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most devastating cancer types despite the improvement of modern medicine. In our present study, we found that dickkopf-related protein 2 (DKK2) shares a higher expression in PDAC compared with adjacent pancreas tissue in tissue microarray. In addition, an elev...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/8656282
更新日期:2019-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. However, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost Tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. We measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tiss...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2015/901015
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-negative bacterial sepsis accounts for up to 50% worldwide sepsis that causes hospital mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI), a common complication of Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, is caused by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin in Gram-negative bacteria and is recog...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2019/3737890
更新日期:2019-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic and/or epigenetic changes provide antigen-derived diversity in neoplastic cells. Beside, these cells do not initiate immune response of host organisms. A variety of factors are responsible for the resistant to treatment, including individual variations in patients and somatic cell genetic differences in tumors...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/1982423
更新日期:2018-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The gastrointestinal microbiota plays a critical role in nutritional, metabolic, and immune functions in infants and young children and has implications for future lung health status. Understanding the role of intestinal dysbiosis in chronic lung disease progression will provide opportunities to design early intervent...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2017/8450496
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mast cells are unique tissue-resident immune cells that secrete a diverse array of biologically active compounds that can stimulate, modulate, or suppress the immune response. Although mounting evidence supports that mast cells are consistently infiltrating tumors, their role as either a driving or an opposite force f...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/2584243
更新日期:2018-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::C-type lectin domain family 5-member A (CLEC5A) associates with adaptor DAP12 (DNAX activation protein 12) to form receptor complexes involved in inflammatory responses. We postulated a potential role of CLEC5A in the pathogenesis of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and aimed to investigate CLEC5A expression and its...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2020/9473497
更新日期:2020-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::T follicular helper cells (TFH) are a subset of recently discovered CD4+ T cells. Their major function is to participate in the formation of germinal centres (GCs) and promote B cell proliferation and differentiation to play important roles in the production of antibodies. Currently, the functions of TFH cells are cle...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/7281453
更新日期:2018-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of trans-membrane MerTK (mMer) on circulating CD14+ monocytes/macrophages and soluble MerTK (sMer) levels in plasma in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHOD:108 SLE patients and 42 healthy controls were recruited in this study. The expression of mM...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2014/431896
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable shortages in the supply of available organs continue to plague the field of solid organ transplantation. Despite changes in allocation, as well as the utilization of extended criteria and living donors, the number of patients waiting for organs continues to grow at an alarming pace. Xenotransplantation, c...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2018/6413012
更新日期:2018-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Many immune-based intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, as well as other illnesses, may have the intestines as an initial cause or aggravator in the development of diseases, even apparently not correlating directly to the intestine. Diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, depression, and...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1155/2015/931574
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:Objective:Several molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of a new bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of sclerostin in patients with AS as a possible biomarker and to investigate any correlations with radiographic damage, disease activity, and functi...
journal_title:Journal of immunology research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1155/2018/9101964
更新日期:2018-05-02 00:00:00