Abstract:
NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Do obesity-specific factors affect skeletal muscle performance in older individuals? What is the main finding and its importance? Older obese women have a larger quadriceps femoris size but develop lower tension per unit of skeletal muscle than their normal-weight counterparts. Muscle impairment and excess body mass are very common among older people. Given that the effect of obesity on strength production has scarcely been studied in older individuals, we analysed functional and structural characteristics of quadriceps femoris (QF) in obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) older women with comparable habitual physical activity. In five OB (body mass index 36.8 ± 1.9 kg m(-2), age 72.4 ± 2.3 years) and six NW well-functioning older women (body mass index 24.3 ± 1.8 kg m(-2), age 72.7 ± 1.9 years), peak knee-extension torque (KET) was measured in isometric (90 deg knee flexion) and isokinetic conditions (240, 180, 120 and 60 deg s(-1)). Mid-thigh QF cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle tissue fat content (MF%) were determined with magnetic resonance imaging (Dixon sequence). Muscle fascicle length and pennation angle (PA) were assessed with ultrasonography for each muscle belly of the QF (vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris and vastus intermedius). Despite similar values of KET, CSA was 17.0% larger in OB than in NW women (P < 0.05), so that KET/CSA was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in OB women. Compared with NW women, OB women had 28.7% higher MF% (P < 0.05) and 24.9% higher average PA (P < 0.05), while fascicle length was similar. Overall, isometric KET/CSA was negatively affected by both MF% (P < 0.05) and PA (P < 0.05), while isokinetic KET/CSA was negatively affected only by MF% (P < 0.01). Muscle composition and architecture seem to be important determinants of KET/CSA in elderly women. In fact, owing to the effect of obesity overload, OB women have a larger QF size than NW women, but unfavourable muscle composition and architecture. The higher MF% and steeper PA observed in OB women are associated with reduced levels of muscle specific strength.
journal_name
Exp Physioljournal_title
Experimental physiologyauthors
Rastelli F,Capodaglio P,Orgiu S,Santovito C,Caramenti M,Cadioli M,Falini A,Rizzo G,Lafortuna CLdoi
10.1113/EP085273subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
1159-67issue
10eissn
0958-0670issn
1469-445Xjournal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Exercise for type 2 diabetes patients treated with insulin therapy involves the risk of hypoglycaemia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can be effective in combination with exercise because they reduce the incidence of hypoglycaemia. We evaluated the eff...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP087449
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of temperature on the rates of isometric force development and relaxation in electrically activated fresh and fatigued human adductor pollicis muscle. Following immersion of the lower arm for 20 min in water baths of four different temperatures, muscle tem...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0958067099018953
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hallmark of epithelial cells is their functional polarization. It is those membrane proteins that are distributed differentially, either to the apical or to the basal surface, that determine epithelial physiology. Such proteins will include 'pumps', 'channels' and 'carriers', and it is the functional interplay bet...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type:
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2007.037523
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) is a chromatin-remodelling factor with a dual role in gene expression. Evidence from patients carrying MECP2 mutations and from transgenic mouse models demonstrates that this protein is involved in the control of body weight. However, the mechanism for this has not been fully eluci...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079798
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we undertook simultaneous recording of ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange in mice and revealed that dopamine D(2) receptors participate in exercise hyperpnoea via behavioural control of ventilation with unchanged pulmonary gas exchange. Here, we examined the hypothesis that D(1) receptors also contribu...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068312
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasma osteocalcin, or plasma bone GLA protein (BGP), total plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary hydroxyproline excretion of twenty-four pregnant dairy cows (thirteen in their first or second pregnancy, i.e. low parity, and eleven in their third or more pregnancies, i.e. high parity) were measured from 7 w...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003464
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the topic of this review? Brown fat's role in meal-associated thermogenesis and the related consequences for energy balance regulation with a focus on the gut hormone secretin, which has been identified as the endocrine molecular mediator of meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis. What advances do...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP087878
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The renal medulla contains more mRNA of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) than the cortex, which may be important in preventing ischaemic injury, since blood flow and tissue oxygen tension are normally low in this region. We examined the effects of the bacterial endotoxin E. coli lipopolysaccharide...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8702289
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of modification of the levels of endogenous plasma insulin on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation were investigated in rats maintained by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) using either a TPN diet that was high in glucose, or a low glucose (hypocaloric) TPN diet and in orally fed rats (normal and sham o...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1993.sp003717
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Is lower body negative pressure a useful surrogate to study white blood cell responses to haemorrhage in humans? What is the main finding and its importance? We found that lower body negative pressure appears to be a useful surrogate to study the early white bloo...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1113/EP085952
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of two types of calcium current (ICa(T) and ICa(L)) and their relationship with contraction were studied in isolated frog atrial trabeculae using the double mannitol gap technique. In Ringer solution containing TTX the calcium currents observed are similar to the ICa(T) and ICa(L) found in single frog a...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003812
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is a cotransmitter with classical transmitters in most nerves in the peripheral and central nervous systems, although the proportions vary between tissues and species and in different developmental and pathophysiological circumstances. There was early evidence that ATP was released toge...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.043620
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of endothelium in the decreased contraction to phenylephrine in aorta of pregnant Wistar rats has been studied. Contractions in response to phenylephrine were significantly decreased in aortic rings from pregnant rats compared to those from non-pregnant rats. Pretreatment of the rings with indomethacin did no...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1993.sp003694
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::House dust mite (HDM) is a major source of allergen in house dust and has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether HDM can modulate the sensitivity of pulmonary sensory neurons and, if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Fura-2-based ratiometric...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.060764
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latex beads coated with secretory immunoglobulin (IgA) instilled into mouse intestinal loops are taken up by M cells present in Peyer's patch follicle-associated epithelial tissue. Bead adsorption and uptake is greater at the edge compared with the apex of follicle domes. Coating beads with bovine serum albumin (BSA) ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1992.sp003662
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Are the urinary concentrations of NO and ATP, and their metabolites, associated with the severity of symptoms of overactive bladder? What is the main finding and its importance? The urinary ratios of [ATP/NO], [ADP/NO] and a combination of these, [ATP/Cr*ADP/Cr]/...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088450
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Clinical reports have described and suggested central and peripheral respiratory abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients; however, these reports have never addressed the occurrence of these abnormalities in an animal model. What is the main finding and...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP087507
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were submitted to 14 days of hindlimb suspension in order to examine the contractile and elastic properties of the soleus muscles under disuse conditions. The calcium/strontium activation properties, the maximal shortening velocity (V0), as well as the time behaviour of force transients following quick releases a...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.1999.tb00075.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Can targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons suppress myocardial infarction-induced adverse cardiac remodelling and left ventricular dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Targeted ablation of cardiac sympathetic neurons significantly a...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP086928
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::After food is ingested, nutrients pass through the gastrointestinal tract, stimulating the release of a range of peptide hormones. Among their many local, central and peripheral actions, these hormones act to mediate glucose metabolism and satiety. Indeed, it is the modification of gut hormone secretion that is consid...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.079764
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise role of vasopressin in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is controversial, but this peptide hormone is important for several reasons. Firstly, circulating concentrations of vasopressin are elevated in heart failure and some forms of hypertension. Secondly, there is evidence that vasopressin is ...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-445x.2000.tb00031.x
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review explores the current concepts relating the structural and functional modifications of skeletal muscle mitochondria to the molecular mechanisms activated when organisms are exposed to a hypoxic environment. In contrast to earlier assumptions it is now established that permanent or long-term exposure to seve...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/eph8802513
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Does hsa_circ_001653 influence the development of gastric cancer (GC) and if so how? What is the main finding and its importance? Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of differentially expressed hsa_circ_001653 in GC and adjacent normal tissues, and this...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088399
更新日期:2020-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::This study compared the concentration of ethanol, both absolute and relative to water content, in sweat and blood. Ten male volunteers consumed approximately 13 mmol (kg body weight)-1 of ethanol. Blood and sweat samples were collected approximately 1, 2 and 3 h following ingestion. Sweat was collected following piloc...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we tested the hypothesis that, compared to young adult rats, senescent rats have a reduced ability to respond to muscle unloading. Unloading of the muscles was induced by hindlimb suspension (HS) of young adult and senescent rats for 21 days. Plantaris muscles from young adult rats had significantly high...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/eph8602235
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improved understanding of the processes involved in infarct healing is required for identification of novel therapeutic targets to limit infarct expansion and consequent long-term ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction. Infarct healing can be modelled effectively in murine models of coronary artery ligati...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.064741
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:NEW FINDINGS:What is the central question of this study? Quantitative values of shear rate-specific blood viscosity and shear stress in the human macrovasculature in response to exercise hyperaemia are unknown. What is the main finding and its importance? Using the handgrip exercise model, we showed that an increase in...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/EP088226
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is unclear whether measurement of limb or conduit artery blood flow during recovery from exercise provides an accurate representation of flow to the muscle capillaries where gas exchange occurs. To investigate this, we: (a) examined the kinetic responses of femoral artery blood flow (QFA), estimated muscle capillar...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.042895
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the mechanisms underlying the pulmonary O(2) uptake (V(O(2P))) slow component during high-intensity exercise, we used (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas exchange, surface electromyography and near-infrared spectroscopy measurements to examine the potential relationship between the slow com...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2011.062927
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To probe the mechanisms by which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in early life forms an important risk factor for the development of chronic asthma, an airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) animal model of guinea-pigs with persistent RSV infection was established by intranasal instillation of 2 x 10(5) plaque-...
journal_title:Experimental physiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2008.043521
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00