Abstract：
:The vertebrate inner ear is a sensory organ of exquisite design and sensitivity. It responds to sound, gravity and movement, serving both auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) functions. Almost all cell types of the inner ear, including sensory hair cells, sensory neurons, secretory cells and supporting cells, derive from the otic placode, one of the several ectodermal thickenings that arise around the edge of the anterior neural plate in the early embryo. The developmental patterning mechanisms that underlie formation of the inner ear from the otic placode are varied and complex, involving the reiterative use of familiar signalling pathways, together with roles for transcription factors, transmembrane proteins, and extracellular matrix components. In this review, I have selected highlights that illustrate just a few of the many recent discoveries relating to the development of this fascinating organ system.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Whitfield TTdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-06-01 00:00:00pages
112-8eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(15)00018-0journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Genome editing with engineered nucleases (zinc finger, TAL effector, or CRISPR/Cas9-based) enables `write' access to regulatory programs executed by primary human cells. A decade of its clinical development, along with a reduction of conventional gene therapy to medical and commercial practice, has made cell reprogram...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.005
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-human primates (NHPs) have been proposed as good models for neurodevelopmental disorders due to close similarities to humans in terms of brain structure and cognitive function. The recent development of genome editing technologies has opened new avenues to generate and investigate genetically modified NHPs as mode...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.040
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The eukaryotic nucleus is a highly compartmentalized and dynamic environment. Chromosome territories are arranged nonrandomly within the nucleus and numerous studies have indicated that a gene's position in the nucleus can impact its transcriptional activity. Here, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of t...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2009.02.007
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subsets of patients with common cancers belong to families in which the predisposition is inherited in a regular Mendelian fashion. Genes underlying these cancers are now recognized in colorectal cancer (APC, mismatch repair genes, LKB1) and in breast cancer (BRCA1, BRCA2) whereas, in prostate cancer, a locus in chrom...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80085-3
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, studies of cis-regulatory mechanisms have evolved from a predominant focus on promoter regions to the realization that spatial and temporal gene regulation is frequently driven by long-range enhancer clusters that operate within chromosomal compartments. This increased understanding of genome function...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.08.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Control of protein synthesis (mRNA translation) is essential for proper brain development and function. Perturbations to the mechanisms governing mRNA translation have repeatedly been shown to constitute a neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorder risk factor. Developing effective therapeuti...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.005
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this review we discuss the importance of genetic somatic mosaicism and its impact on brain diseases. We start from introducing the different types of somatic mutations, their frequencies and abundances across development and lifespan. We then describe how weakness in DNA repair mechanisms influences their prevalenc...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic organisms have the remarkable ability to inherit states of gene activity without altering the underlying DNA sequence. This epigenetic inheritance can persist over thousands of years, providing an alternative to genetic mutations as a substrate for natural selection. Epigenetic inheritance might be propagat...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.07.002
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Loss of cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular disease is irreversible and current therapeutic strategies do not redress the loss of myocardium after injury. The discovery that endogenous fibroblasts in the heart can be reprogrammed to cardiomyocyte-like cells after myocardial infarction and heart function is improved sub...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.07.007
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple histone-modifying enzymes have been identified in the past several years. Much has been learned regarding the biochemistry of these enzymes and their effects on gene expression in cultured cells. However, the functions of these factors during development are still largely unknown. Recent genetic studies indic...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.02.002
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The digital reconstruction of the embryogenesis of model organisms from 3D+time data is revolutionizing practices in quantitative and integrative Developmental Biology. A manual and fully supervised image analysis of the massive complex data acquired with new microscopy technologies is no longer an option and automate...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2011.08.001
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modelling human colon cancer has long been the ambition of researchers and oncologists with the aim to better replicate disease progression and treatment response. Advances in our understanding of genetics, stem cell biology, tumour microenvironment and immunology have prepared the groundwork for recent major advances...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.003
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Few mechanistic ideas from the pre-molecular era of biology have had as enduring an impact as the morphogen concept. In the classical view, cells in developing embryos obtain positional information by measuring morphogen concentrations and comparing them with fixed concentration thresholds; as a result, graded morphog...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2011.10.002
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A detailed description of the cytoskeletal rearrangements that orchestrate bud formation is beginning to emerge from studies on yeast morphogenesis. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of how the timing of these rearrangements is controlled. Dramatic changes in cell polarity that occur in ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(95)90048-9
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imprinting occurs in the endosperm of flowering plants. Endosperm, produced by fertilization of the central cell in the female gametophyte, is essential for embryo and seed development. Several imprinted genes play an important role in endosperm development. The mechanism of gene imprinting involves DNA methylation an...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.08.011
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of pluripotency in somatic cells via ectopic expression of defined factors demonstrates the reversibility of developmental programming, thus serves as an ideal model to investigate the underlying principles of cell fate determination, which drives the differentiation of various cell types from an identical g...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.016
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genomic variability of Southern African groups is characterized by an exceptional degree of diversity, which is the result of long-term local evolutionary history, migrations and gene-flow. Over the last few years several investigations have identified and described signatures related to these processes, revealing...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.11.003
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vertebrate eye formation is a multistep process requiring coordinated inductive interactions between neural and non-neural ectoderm and underlying mesendoderm. The induction and shaping of the eyes involves an elaborate cellular choreography characterized by precise changes in cell shape coupled with complex cellular ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.004
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fundamental tasks of the root system are, besides anchoring, mediating interactions between plant and soil and providing the plant with water and nutrients. The architecture of the root system is controlled by endogenous mechanisms that constantly integrate environmental signals, such as availability of nutrients ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell-cell and starvation signals are funneled through the phosphorelay to initiate sporulation by activating the transcription regulator SpoOA. Activation of SpoOA leads to synthesis of the transcription factors sigmaF and sigmaE. Substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the signal circuitry of the ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80080-3
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baculoviruses continue to serve as workhorse vectors for the high-level expression of eukaryotic genes in insect cells; however, numerous researchers are also finding novel uses for these vectors by taking advantage of the unique nature of the viruses and their host cells. Concurrently, the technology involved in cons...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80348-x
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate a damaged retina. Key to this regenerative response are Müller glia that respond to retinal injury by undergoing a reprogramming event that allows them to divide and generate a retinal progenitor that is multipotent and responsible for regenerating all major retinal neu...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sequences of both of the human sex chromosomes and of a substantial part of the chimpanzee Y chromosome have now been determined, and most of the protein-coding genes have been identified. The X chromosome codes for more than 800 proteins but the Y chromosome for only approximately 60, illustrating their very diff...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.006
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dramatic genome rearrangement has been observed after whole genome duplication (WGD) in some plant species, leading many to suggest that genome restructuring may be a common consequence of WGD. However, recent analyses of ancient WGDs in yeast and vertebrates have not shown any evidence for increased rearrangement aft...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.005
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to reprogram cell lineage specification through the activity of master regulatory transcription factors has transformed disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy for regenerative medicine. Recent advances in the engineering of synthetic transcription factors to modulate endogenous gene expression ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.001
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant genomes exhibit tremendous diversity in both their size and structure, with genome sizes across land plants ranging over two to three orders of magnitude and significant variation in structural organization was observed across species (EA Kellogg, JL Bennetzen, The evolution of nuclear genome structure in seed p...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.005
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Empowered by modern genotyping and large samples, population structure can be accurately described and quantified even when it only explains a fraction of a percent of total genetic variance. This is especially relevant and interesting for humans, where fine-scale population structure can both confound disease-mapping...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.08.007
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatocytes differentiate from the endoderm during embryonic development. Recent studies show, however, that hepatocytes can also be derived from rare cells that reside in the pancreas, bone marrow, and brain. Indeed, the latest discoveries indicate that embryonic hepatocytes normally arise by diversion of an endoderm...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00234-3
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of single-cell sequencing has been revolutionary to the field of cancer genomics. Perfectly suited to capture cancer's heterogeneous nature, single-cell analyses provide information bulk sequencing could never hope to uncover. Many mechanisms of cancer have yet to be fully understood, and single-cell approa...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II has an unusual tandemly repeated heptapeptide sequence at its carboxyl terminus. The function of this evolutionarily conserved carboxy-terminal domain is unknown; however, new evidence links it to the formation of a large multi-component RNA polymerase II complex pos...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(95)80009-3
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
