Abstract：
:Empowered by modern genotyping and large samples, population structure can be accurately described and quantified even when it only explains a fraction of a percent of total genetic variance. This is especially relevant and interesting for humans, where fine-scale population structure can both confound disease-mapping studies and reveal the history of migration and divergence that shaped our species' diversity. Here we review notable recent advances in the detection, use, and understanding of population structure. Our work addresses multiple areas where substantial progress is being made: improved statistics and models for better capturing differentiation, admixture, and the spatial distribution of variation; computational speed-ups that allow methods to scale to modern data; and advances in haplotypic modeling that have wide ranging consequences for the analysis of population structure. We conclude by outlining four important open challenges: the limitations of discrete population models, uncertainty in individual origins, the incorporation of both fine-scale structure and ancient DNA in parametric models, and the development of efficient computational tools, particularly for haplotype-based methods.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Novembre J,Peter BMdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2016.08.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
98-105eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(16)30111-3journal_volume
41pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract：:Current dogma holds that genes are the property of individual mammalian cells and partition between daughter cells during cell division. However, and rather unexpectedly, recent research has demonstrated horizontal cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in several mammalian cell culture systems. F...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There have been remarkably rapid advances in the understanding of prion diseases over the past year. The controversial notion that the transmissible agent may be an abnormal isoform of a host-encoded protein, the prion protein, is now gaining wide acceptance. The conundrum of how a disease can both be inherited as an ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80156-x
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. The...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in cell reprogramming via employing different sets of factors, which allows generation of various cell types that are beyond the downstream developmental lineages from the starting cell type, provide significant opportunities to study fundamental biology and hold enormous promise in regenerative medici...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2014.09.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many zebrafish transcription factors have been isolated, and the challenge at present is to uncover the genes and pathways they regulate. The wealth of developmental mutants available for study and recent advances in zebrafish transgenic technology have allowed identification of putative transcriptional regulatory pat...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00017-9
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The emerging field of genomics examines the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation by describing and analyzing patterns of natural variation on a genome-wide scale. In this endeavor, an important tool is the use of microarrays, which enable simultaneous screening of thousands of assays. Microarrays were...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.005
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prime cause of dementia and presents a strong genetic predisposition (60-80% of the attributable risk). In addition to APOE, a major recognized genetic determinant of AD, systematic, high-throughput genomic approaches have recently allowed the characterization of four new genetic determ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2011.02.002
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most of the knowledge we have on the molecular mechanisms of transcription factor mediated reprogramming comes from studies conducted in induced pluripotency. Recently however, a few studies investigated the mechanisms of cellular reprogramming in direct and indirect transdifferentiation, which allows us to explore wh...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.06.001
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a universal step in animal development characterized by two major events: activation of zygotic transcription and degradation of maternally provided mRNAs. How zygotic gene products instruct the degradation of maternal messages remains a long-standing question in biology. Mi...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2010.04.003
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retrotransposable element insertions are 20 times more numerous per unit length of DNA in the large human genome compared to the small Drosophila genome. Whereas all Drosophila elements are subject to constant turnover (recent insertion and elimination by selection), this has not generally been the case for human retr...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00359-3
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of single-cell sequencing has been revolutionary to the field of cancer genomics. Perfectly suited to capture cancer's heterogeneous nature, single-cell analyses provide information bulk sequencing could never hope to uncover. Many mechanisms of cancer have yet to be fully understood, and single-cell approa...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Folding is an important way by which epithelia are sculpted into three-dimensional shapes during development. Recent studies have integrated quantitative image analysis and physical modeling to uncover contributing mechanisms. It is becoming clear that folding processes often employ multiple mechanisms of force genera...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.014
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ras proteins play a critical role in controlling normal cellular growth and, when activated by mutation, in causing malignant transformation. Regulation of p21ras is achieved by GTPase activating proteins, which control the rate of hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, and also by GDP dissociation stimulators, which catalyze the ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80315-6
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vertebrate inner ear is a sensory organ of exquisite design and sensitivity. It responds to sound, gravity and movement, serving both auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) functions. Almost all cell types of the inner ear, including sensory hair cells, sensory neurons, secretory cells and supporting cells, d...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.006
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromatin-based epigenetic inheritance cooperates with cis-acting DNA sequence information to propagate gene expression states and chromosome architecture across cell division cycles. Histone proteins and their modifications are central components of epigenetic systems but how, and to what extent, they are propagated ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2012.11.002
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premutation alleles (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) are known to contribute to the fragile X phenotype through genetic instability and transmission of full mutation alleles (>200 repeats). There is now mounting evidence that the premutation alleles themselves contribute to clinic...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00299-x
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Does the intron/exon structure of eukaryotic genes belie their ancient assembly by exon-shuffling or have introns been inserted into preformed genes during eukaryotic evolution? These are the central questions in the ongoing 'introns-early' versus 'introns-late' controversy. The phylogenetic distribution of spliceosom...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80031-2
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bladder cancer is the 5th commonest cancer and two major risk factors are smoking and occupational chemical exposure. There is also evidence of a genetic component to its aetiology. Candidate gene studies have mostly focused on genes involved in adduct metabolism and DNA repair, including a recent consortium-based met...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All the aspects of transcription are controlled by complexes that modify or remodel chromatin at the level of individual genes, gene clusters, or whole chromosomes. The MSL complex that is responsible for dosage compensation in Drosophila is an example of complexes that operate at the whole-chromosome level on the tra...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.004
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modelling human colon cancer has long been the ambition of researchers and oncologists with the aim to better replicate disease progression and treatment response. Advances in our understanding of genetics, stem cell biology, tumour microenvironment and immunology have prepared the groundwork for recent major advances...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.003
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryonic development is key for determining the architecture and shape of multicellular bodies. However, most cells are produced postembryonically in, at least partly, differentiated organs. In this regard, organismal growth faces common challenges in coordinating expansion and function of body structures. Here we co...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.02.002
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the ways in which higher eukaryotes receive messages from the environment is via cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases. These are transmembrane proteins with an extracellular binding domain that specifies the growth factor with which it will interact, and an intracellular domain that encodes the tyrosine kinas...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(94)90085-x
更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A casual association has been established between mutations in the fibrillin 1 gene and Marfan syndrome and related phenotypes. Analysis of mutations in these disease types has provided new insights into microfibril assembly and function. These include evidence for a mutation in a fibrillin 1 domain associated with se...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80007-4
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite vulva is one of the best studied models for signal transduction and cell fate determination during organogenesis. Systematic forward genetic screens have identified a complex and highly interconnected signaling network formed by the conserved EGFR, NOTCH, and WNT signaling path...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.01.006
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In eukaryotes, the genetic material is stored in the nucleus, which is enclosed in a double lipid bilayer, the nuclear envelope (NE). It protects the genome from physical stress and separates it from the rest of the cell. On top of this physical function, growing evidence shows that the nuclear periphery contributes t...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2012.12.001
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The conversion of one cell type to another is defined as metaplasia (or sometimes it is referred to as transdifferentiation or cellular reprogramming). Metaplasia is important clinically and may predispose to the development of cancer. Barrett's metaplasia is one such example and is the focus of the present review. Ba...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2012.08.001
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have supported the hypothesis that the high heritability of schizophrenia reflects a combination of relatively common alleles of small effect and some rare alleles with relatively large effects. Genome-wide association studies have identified at least one common allele of small effect at ZNF804a, which ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2009.02.008
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past few years have been significant advances in our understanding of eukaryotic genomes. In the field of parasitology, this is best exemplified by the application of genome mapping techniques to the study of genome structure and function in the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. Although much is known about the orga...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80024-4
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After fertilization, mouse embryos go through preimplantation development to give rise to blastocyst. Two key molecular events, zygotic genome activation (ZGA) and the first cell lineage specification, are essential for the process. Recent advances in low-input epigenomics profiling techniques allow the analysis of th...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.015
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural selection drives evolving populations up the fitness landscape, the projection from nucleotide sequence space to organismal reproductive success. While it has long been appreciated that topographic complexities on fitness landscapes can arise only as a consequence of epistatic interactions between mutations, e...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.10.007
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
