Abstract：
:Plant genomes exhibit tremendous diversity in both their size and structure, with genome sizes across land plants ranging over two to three orders of magnitude and significant variation in structural organization was observed across species (EA Kellogg, JL Bennetzen, The evolution of nuclear genome structure in seed plants, Am J Bot 2004, 91:1709-1725). Five plant genomes are now either completely sequenced or in the draft stage; the grape (O Jaillon et al., The grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla, Nature 2007, 449:463-467) and papaya (R Ming et al., The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Carica papaya Linnaeus), Nature 2008, 452:991-997) whole genome sequences were reported most recently. Moreover, sequencing of 41 additional genomes is in progress. There is now an emerging consensus that understanding genome evolution requires consideration of the population genetics of genome diversification, and that description of evolutionary forces at the level of populations and within species can help identify the features that led to plant genome diversity (M Lynch, JS Conery, The origins of genome complexity, Science 2003, 302:1401-1404). In this review we focus on advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that drive the diversification of genomes. In particular, we look at the extent to which demographic features such as effective population size changes within species can drive genome evolution, discuss population genetic models of genome diversification associated with transposable element (TE) mobilization, and describe recent studies on the evolution of gene families.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Flowers JM,Purugganan MDdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2008.11.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-12-01 00:00:00pages
565-70issue
6eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(08)00181-0journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Seed development starts at double fertilization when two sperms fuse with a female gamete, the egg and central cell, giving rise to the embryo and endosperm, respectively. Uniting two parental genomes into one, unique, zygotic genome is certainly the first event requiring large-scale chromatin modifications and remode...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.09.004
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the genetic underpinning of early human development is of great interest not only for basic developmental and stem cell biology but also for regenerative medicine, infertility treatments, and better understanding the causes of congenital disease. Our current knowledge has mainly been generated with the u...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.04.005
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unexpected relationships among the various aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases continue to be uncovered. The question arises - is this mainly the result of promiscuous exchange, or is the confusion really a reflection of the differential loss of past duplications? Phylogenetic analysis may yet provide the answer. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(98)80030-0
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vertebrate inner ear is a sensory organ of exquisite design and sensitivity. It responds to sound, gravity and movement, serving both auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance) functions. Almost all cell types of the inner ear, including sensory hair cells, sensory neurons, secretory cells and supporting cells, d...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.02.006
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial human and chimpanzee genome sequences have been published, and additional primate genomes, including those of gorilla and orang-utan, are in progress. With these new resources, we can now address what makes our species unique, by focusing on the underlying genetic differences associated with phenotypes. Co...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.003
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unlike mammals, zebrafish are able to regenerate a damaged retina. Key to this regenerative response are Müller glia that respond to retinal injury by undergoing a reprogramming event that allows them to divide and generate a retinal progenitor that is multipotent and responsible for regenerating all major retinal neu...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.05.009
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Population data suggest that many parasitic protozoa (e.g. Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Entamoeba and Giardia) reproduce clonally, but this hypothesis has been highly controversial for Plasmodium falciparum. Although reproduction is predominantly clonal in the enteric bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella, the level of...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80119-4
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current dogma holds that genes are the property of individual mammalian cells and partition between daughter cells during cell division. However, and rather unexpectedly, recent research has demonstrated horizontal cell-to-cell transfer of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA in several mammalian cell culture systems. F...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.04.003
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the ability of ionizing radiation to induce cell inactivation and cell death, generally via inflicting DNA double-strand breaks. However, different tumors and their normal surrounding tissues are not equally sensitive to radiation, posing a major challenge in th...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.01.002
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteins, the main cell machinery which play a major role in nearly every cellular process, have always been a central focus in biology. We live in the post-genomic era, and inferring information from massive data sets is a steadily growing universal challenge. The increasing availability of fully sequenced genomes ca...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.08.010
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both complex disorders and monogenetic diseases are often modulated in their phenotype by further genetic, epigenetic or extrinsic factors. This gives rise to extensive phenotypic variability and potentially protection from disease manifestations, known as incomplete penetrance. Approaches including whole transcriptom...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.03.003
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated at least in part by the assembly of initiation proteins onto origins of replication. The origin recognition complex (ORC) is bound to origins throughout most of the cell cycle. Other initiation proteins, such as Cdc6 and the MCM/P1 proteins, are assembled onto ORC-containing chr...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80123-2
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past few years, the area of comparative genomics of malaria parasites has begun to come of age, with the completion of genome sequencing projects of four Plasmodium species, and several functional genomics studies. A picture is emerging of a parasite genome that is highly adapted to its mammalian and vector hos...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.09.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. The...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compartmentalized distribution of functional components is a hallmark of the eukaryotic nucleus. Technological advances in recent years have provided unprecedented insights into the role of chromatin organization and interactions of various structural-functional components toward gene regulation. SATB1, the global chr...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.08.003
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are now well established as the paradigm of genomic imprinting in human disease. Over the past year, much has been learnt about the mechanisms by which these syndromes arise and molecular diagnostics for the majority of patients are now available. Mouse models for aspects of the...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0959-437x(93)90119-a
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unexpected patterns of neuroblast, angioblast and myoblast movement and tissue organization have been defined using lineage tracing and transplantation methods. The most novel and enigmatic new data derive from analyses of genes in the Hox- and Pax-gene families. In addition to the characterization of expression patte...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80175-3
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During embryogenesis, tissues and organs are progressively shaped into their functional morphologies. While the information about tissue and organ shape is encoded genetically, the sculpting of embryonic structures in the 3D space is ultimately a physical process. The control of physical quantities involved in tissue ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2018.09.002
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are several enzymes, acetylases and deacetylases, that can regulate transcription by modifying the acetylation state of histones or other promoter-bound transcription factors. Some of these enzymes are present in multisubunit complexes. Recent efforts to understand the biological role of these enzymes reveals th...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(99)80006-9
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many zebrafish transcription factors have been isolated, and the challenge at present is to uncover the genes and pathways they regulate. The wealth of developmental mutants available for study and recent advances in zebrafish transgenic technology have allowed identification of putative transcriptional regulatory pat...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00017-9
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colonial ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates that are the closest invertebrate relative to the vertebrates. Colonies of Botryllus schlosseri undergo a continuous asexual reproduction process that involves the regeneration of entire new bodies, which include all somatic and germline tissues. This adult regenera...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2016.06.001
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life-long neurogenesis is highly restricted to specialized niches in the adult mammalian brain and therefore the brain's capacity for spontaneous regeneration is extremely limited. However, recent work has demonstrated that under certain circumstances parenchymal astrocytes and NG2 glia can generate neuronal progeny. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2015.07.004
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual susceptibility to cancer in humans is determined by complex interactions between germline genetic variation and levels of exposure to environmental carcinogens or tumour promoters. Only a small fraction of cancer susceptibility is inherited in a Mendelian manner (high-penetrance familial cancer), and most t...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0959-437x(03)00005-4
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last decade we have witnessed the convergence of two powerful experimental designs toward a common goal of defining the molecular subtypes that underpin the likelihood of a cancer patient responding to treatment in the clinic. The first of these 'experiments' has been the systematic sequencing of large number...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.12.002
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nuclear periphery has been implicated in gene regulation and it has been proposed that proximity to the nuclear lamina and inner nuclear membrane (INM) leads to gene repression. More recently, it appears that there is a correlation and interdependence between lamina associated domains (LADs), the epigenome and ove...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2013.11.021
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cellular phenotypes can critically rely on mono-allelic gene expression. Recent studies suggest that in mammalian cells inter-chromosomal DNA interactions may mediate the decision which allele to activate and which to silence. Here, these findings are discussed in the context of knowledge on gene competition, chromati...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2007.07.009
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolutionary process of divergence, which ultimately leads to the generation of new species, is thought to occur usually without any gene exchange between the diverging populations. However, until the recent growth of multi-locus datasets, and the development of new population genetic methods, it has been very dif...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2006.10.005
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila ...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.001
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The regulation of transcription elongation within the context of chromatin is a topic of great interest. Even though chromatin presents a barrier to transcription by the PolII machinery in vitro, this process is rather efficient in vivo. Importantly, the chromatin structure of the actively transcribed genes is altered...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2004.02.004
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The processes by which the canonical protein synthesis machinery is modified by environmental stresses to allow healthy cells to respond to external conditions to maintain homeostasis, are frequently hijacked by tumour cells to enhance their survival. Two major stress response pathways that play a major role in this r...
journal_title：Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gde.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
