Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The neural projections from the infralimbic region of the prefrontal cortex to the amygdala are important for the maintenance of conditioned fear extinction. Neurons in this pathway exhibit a unique pattern of structural plasticity that is sex-dependent, but the relationship between the morphologic characteristics of these neurons and successful extinction in male and female subjects is unknown. METHODS:Using classic cued fear conditioning and an extinction paradigm in large cohorts of male and female rats, we identified subpopulations of both sexes that exhibited high (HF) or low (LF) levels of freezing on an extinction retrieval test, representing failed or successful extinction maintenance, respectively. We combined retrograde tracing with fluorescent intracellular microinjections to perform three-dimensional reconstructions of infralimbic neurons that project to the basolateral amygdala in these groups. RESULTS:The HF and LF male rats exhibited neuroanatomical distinctions that were not observed in HF or LF female rats. A retrospective analysis of behavior during fear conditioning and extinction revealed that despite no overall sex differences in freezing behavior, HF and LF phenotypes emerged in male rats during extinction and in female rats during fear conditioning, which does not involve infralimbic-basolateral amygdala neurons. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest that the neural processes underlying successful or failed extinction maintenance may be sex-specific. These findings are relevant not only to future basic research on sex differences in fear conditioning and extinction but also to exposure-based clinical therapies, which are similar in premise to fear extinction and which are primarily used to treat disorders that are more common in women than in men.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Gruene TM,Roberts E,Thomas V,Ronzio A,Shansky RMdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-08-01 00:00:00pages
186-93issue
3eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(14)00894-4journal_volume
78pub_type
杂志文章abstract：BACKGROUND:Growing evidence supports a pivotal role for the amygdala in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ). However, the occurrence of morphologic changes in the amygdala is currently controversial. METHODS:Total number and numeric density of neurons, neuronal somata size, and volume of t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.023
更新日期：2007-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90455-b
更新日期：1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Schizophrenic patients have high rates of cigarette smoking compared with the general population. We compared sustained-release (SR) bupropion with placebo for smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenic disorders. We also examined how antipsychotic class predicts smoking cessation outcomes with bupropi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01339-2
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by intrusive, chronic, and distressing memories of highly emotional events. Previous research has highlighted the role of the amygdala and its interactions with the hippocampus in mediating the effect of enhanced memory for emotional information in healthy indiv...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.018
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A deficit in sustained attention might serve as an endophenotype for schizophrenia and therefore be a useful tool in understanding the genetic underpinnings of the disorder. We sought to detail functional brain abnormalities associated with sustained attention (i.e., vigilance) in individuals with genetic li...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.017
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) for two stimulus velocities (sinusoidal and triangular) were studied by visual inspection in 12 unmedicated RDC-diagnosed schizophrenic patients and in 13 matched controls. SPEM was worse in the patient group and their performance deteriorated with repeated presentations of the task...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Decreased hippocampal volume is observed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and other conditions associated with elevated cortisol levels, stress, or both. Reversibility of hippocampal neuronal atrophy resulting from stress occurs in animals. Our study investigated the potential for reversibility of human h...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00203-6
更新日期：1999-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenic patients have been observed to have a significantly diminished P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP). We investigated whether this result would be obtained with high-incentive stimuli. We presented 14 unmedicated patients and 14 controls with two easily identified visual stimuli under three...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports the phenomenon of dependence to a somatostatin octapeptide analog used for the treatment of acromegaly and severe headache. The mechanism of this dependence is still unknown, but could be based on the interaction of the somatostatin analog with opioid receptors. Analgesia may be at least partially s...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90011-5
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Membrane protein kinase C (PKC) activity is increased in frontal cortex of subjects with bipolar affective disorder, and lithium was demonstrated to inhibit PKC translocation to membranes. Protein kinase C is anchored to the membrane via the receptor for activated C kinase-1 (RACK1), suggesting that interact...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01147-7
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Traumatic experiences for young children might result in profound neurodevelopmental changes, compared with adults. Our aim was to examine autonomic control of heart rate in traumatized young children. METHODS:Sixty-two children who had suffered traumas and 62 nontraumatized control children, aged 20 months...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neurotrophins mediate diverse biological responses, including maintenance and growth of neurons and synaptic plasticity in adult brain. This study examined whether suicide brain is associated with changes in the expression of neurotrophins. METHODS:Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of nerve growth fa...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.014
更新日期：2005-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. During EMDR, patients make horizontal eye movements (EMs) while simultaneously recalling a traumatic memory, which renders the memory less vivid and emotional when it is later recalled again. Rec...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.012
更新日期：2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Elderly depressed patients who met the research diagnostic criteria (RDC) for major depressive illness, resistant to other types of treatment, were treated with phenelzine, a nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, for a period of 2 to 7 weeks, following 2 weeks of placebo washout period. Dosage ranged from 15...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A "risk factor" approach to affective illness is outlined. Characteristics which are correlated with vulnerability to depression (or mania) should be sought and attempts made to either modify them or elucidate a pathophysiologic link between the characteristic and the illness. Genetic factors, biochemical factors, lif...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Long term medication with antipsychotic drugs is known to produce changes in neurotransmitter levels and receptor sensitivity in the cortex; however, the anatomic consequences of chronic antipsychotic exposure are not well established. METHODS:Accordingly, rhesus monkeys were given daily oral doses of typic...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00113-4
更新日期：1999-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Autonomic characteristics of nonclinical panic and blood phobia were compared using spectral analysis of the electrocardiogram (EKG), as well as more conventional cardiovascular measures. The cardiovascular responses of 11 subjects who reported recent occurrence of frequent severe panic attacks, and 10 subjects who re...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90087-t
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impulsive aggression in patients with personality disorders is associated with diminished levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-HIAA, blunted neuroendocrine responses to serotonergic agonists, and decreased glucose utilization in the prefrontal cortex. We tested the hypothesis that impulsive aggression in bo...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00202-4
更新日期：2000-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been generally accepted that increased thyroid function facilitates treatment response in depression. Recent data show that response to several antidepressant treatments, particularly lithium and carbamazepine, are associated with decreased thyroid hormone levels. An alternative hypothesis that decreased thyroi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To confirm and extend previous observations concerning the correlation between cell-mediated immunity and psychiatric diseases, 511 patients with schizophrenia, cerebral atrophy, dementia, and mental retardation, and 32 control subjects and 27 control patients were skin-tested with human brain S-100 protein and human ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pediatric anxiety disorders involve greater capture of attention by threatening stimuli. However, it is not known if disturbances extend to nonthreatening stimuli, as part of a pervasive disturbance in attention-related brain systems. We hypothesized that pediatric anxiety involves greater capture of attenti...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.07.016
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The author presents six cases of pseudodementia of varying degrees of severity that illustrate the difficulty in making purely clinical diagnoses of pseudodementia and demonstrate the usefulness of ECT in this condition in treatment-resistant patients. In addition, issues of cerebral laterality are raised by one case ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic but not acute treatment with antidepressants increases hippocampal neurogenesis. Because chronic treatment with antidepressants also upregulates p11, we hypothesized that p11 might regulate effects of antidepressants on aspects of neurogenesis. METHODS:Fluoxetine was administered chronically to wild...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.024
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Evidence links infections to mental disorders and suicidal behavior. However, knowledge is sparse regarding less severe infections, anti-infective treatment, and deliberate self-harm. Using nationwide Danish longitudinal registers, we estimated associations between infections treated with anti-infective agen...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.008
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep homeostasis and circadian function are important maintaining factors for optimal health and well-being. Conversely, sleep and circadian disruptions are implicated in a variety of adverse health outcomes, including substance use disorders. These risks are particularly salient during adolescence. Adolescents requi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.035
更新日期：2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Low doses of psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are widely used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Surprisingly little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral/cognitive actions of these drugs. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.022
更新日期：2006-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the relationship between the concentration of homovanillic acid in human plasma (pHVA) and plasma anti-D1 and anti-D2 dopamine receptor activity in chronic schizophrenic patients whose neuroleptic dosage was changed. The change in pHVA level correlated with that in anti-D1, not anti-D2 activity, t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90229-s
更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to evaluate the impact of aging on EEG sleep patterns we investigated the polysomnograms of 74 patients with major depression and 51 healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years. In most of the EEG sleep parameters, age-related changes were obvious in both the depressives and the normals. In the patients, some of thes...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90355-p
更新日期：1991-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Binge eating is associated with obesity and has been conceptualized as "food addiction." However, this view has received only inconsistent support in humans, and limited evidence relates key neurocircuitry to the disorder. Moreover, relatively few studies have used pharmacologic functional magnetic resonance...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.022
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Psychological stress and trauma are risk factors for several medical and psychiatric illnesses. Recent studies have implicated advanced cellular aging as a potential mechanism of this association. Telomeres, DNA repeats that cap the ends of chromosomes and promote stability, shorten progressively with each c...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.014
更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00
