Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Low doses of psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are widely used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Surprisingly little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral/cognitive actions of these drugs. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in ADHD. Moreover, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are important modulators of PFC-dependent cognition. To date, the actions of low-dose psychostimulants on PFC DA and NE neurotransmission are unknown. METHODS:In vivo microdialysis was used to compare the effects of low-dose MPH on NE and DA efflux within the PFC and select subcortical fields in male rats. Doses used (oral, 2.0 mg/kg; intraperitoneal, .25-1.0 mg/kg) were first determined to produce clinically relevant plasma concentrations and to facilitate both PFC-dependent attention and working memory. RESULTS:At low doses that improve PFC-dependent cognitive function and that are devoid of locomotor-activating effects, MPH substantially increases NE and DA efflux within the PFC. In contrast, outside the PFC these doses of MPH have minimal impact on NE and DA efflux. CONCLUSIONS:The current observations suggest that the therapeutic actions of low-dose psychostimulants involve the preferential activation of catecholamine neurotransmission within the PFC.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Berridge CW,Devilbiss DM,Andrzejewski ME,Arnsten AF,Kelley AE,Schmeichel B,Hamilton C,Spencer RCdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.022subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-11-15 00:00:00pages
1111-20issue
10eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(06)00533-6journal_volume
60pub_type
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