Methylphenidate preferentially increases catecholamine neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex at low doses that enhance cognitive function.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Low doses of psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are widely used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Surprisingly little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the behavioral/cognitive actions of these drugs. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is implicated in ADHD. Moreover, dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are important modulators of PFC-dependent cognition. To date, the actions of low-dose psychostimulants on PFC DA and NE neurotransmission are unknown. METHODS:In vivo microdialysis was used to compare the effects of low-dose MPH on NE and DA efflux within the PFC and select subcortical fields in male rats. Doses used (oral, 2.0 mg/kg; intraperitoneal, .25-1.0 mg/kg) were first determined to produce clinically relevant plasma concentrations and to facilitate both PFC-dependent attention and working memory. RESULTS:At low doses that improve PFC-dependent cognitive function and that are devoid of locomotor-activating effects, MPH substantially increases NE and DA efflux within the PFC. In contrast, outside the PFC these doses of MPH have minimal impact on NE and DA efflux. CONCLUSIONS:The current observations suggest that the therapeutic actions of low-dose psychostimulants involve the preferential activation of catecholamine neurotransmission within the PFC.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Berridge CW,Devilbiss DM,Andrzejewski ME,Arnsten AF,Kelley AE,Schmeichel B,Hamilton C,Spencer RC

doi

10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.022

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-11-15 00:00:00

pages

1111-20

issue

10

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006-3223(06)00533-6

journal_volume

60

pub_type

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