Abstract：
:The history of psychiatric research is filled with widely accepted etiologic and pathophysiologic theories that eventually were proven wrong. The prevailing pathophysiologic theories of schizophrenia have emphasized the role of abnormal neurodevelopment in determining the onset and course of the illness. Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of neurodegenerative processes despite the clinical course of the illness and the fact that most patients experience varying degrees of behavioral and cognitive deterioration. This is partially due to the absence of clear histologic evidence of neurodegeneration, but may also be due to the narrow traditional conception of neurodegeneration that is generally employed. This article suggests that the rejection of a role for neurodegeneration in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is unproven and may be premature. A wholly neurodevelopmental perspective of the illness imbues the illness with a pessimistic inevitability and therapeutic nihilism that may be unwarranted. This article reviews selectively a diverse body of evidence that is consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia involves a limited neurodegenerative process reflected by the psychotic symptoms and that is most active in the early stages of the illness. The evidence for this hypothesis comes from studies of premorbid status, illness course, symptomatology and treatment effects as well as neuroimaging and postmortem findings. Recent results from the latter interpreted in the context of molecular neurobiology suggest new pathophysiologic models.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Lieberman JAdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00147-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-09-15 00:00:00pages
729-39issue
6eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(99)00147-Xjournal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has recently been demonstrated to have antidepressant effects. Some work suggests that rTMS over prefrontal cortex administered to healthy individuals produces acute elevations of mood and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). We sought to determine whet...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01118-5
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty psychiatric patients on lithium medication were examined with 7-Li-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Patients on long-term lithium treatment (> 6 months) were compared with a short-term group who had been taking lithium for between 4 and 8 weeks. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for either recurrent ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00330-7
更新日期：1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the isolation of morphine from the opium poppy over 200 years ago, the molecular basis of opioid action has remained the subject of intense inquiry. The identification of specific receptors responsible for opioid function and the discovery of many chemically diverse molecules with unique opioid-like efficacies h...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.08.028
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies suggest that catecholaminergic overactivity and structural brain damage may contribute to the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Although dopaminergic (DA) mechanisms, specifically postsynaptic receptor supersensitivity, have been extensively studied, equally plausible noradrenergic (NE) changes...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90245-3
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentration of kynurenine, a neuroactive tryptophan metabolite, in blood plasma after pharmacologically induced anxiety was studied. Anxiety was provoked in 15 healthy volunteers by an anxiogenic dose of caffeine. Kynurenine concentration was markedly increased at the peak of anxiety and returned to normal after...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90225-b
更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Converging lines of evidence suggest a role for the mesolimbic dopamine system in the response to somatic antidepressant therapies. Here, we review evidence suggesting that antidepressant treatments of different types share the effect of increasing the sensitivity of dopamine D2-like receptors in the nucleus accumbens...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.031
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with the 133Xenon clearance technique and a high resolution (254 detectors) scanner during the performance of a verbal and a facial memory task in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 18 sociodemographically matched controls. Patients and controls had comparable resting r...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)91160-6
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The marker D1S251 of chromosome 1q42.1 showed significant association with schizophrenia in a Taiwanese sample. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) fine mapping to search for the vulnerability genes of schizophrenia. METHODS:We selected 120 SNPs covering 1 Mb around D1S251 from the public database....
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.024
更新日期：2006-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Animal and human studies implicate forebrain neural circuits in maternal behavior. Here, we hypothesized that human brain response to emotional stimuli relevant for social interactions between infants and adults are modulated by sex- and experience-dependent factors. METHODS:We used functional magnetic reso...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00697-8
更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.026
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(95)00320-7
更新日期：1996-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:First degree relatives (FDR) of patients with schizophrenia have higher risk of developing schizophrenia than the general population. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that striatal presynaptic dopamine synthesis capacity is increased in schizophrenia. We investigated whether thi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.017
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stress-induced learned helplessness (LH) in animals serves as a model of behavioral depression and some aspects of posttraumatic stress disorder. We examined whether LH behavior is associated with alterations in protein kinase A (PKA), a critical phosphorylating enzyme, how long these alterations persist aft...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.03.018
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.030
更新日期：2020-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pharmacological evidence support that enhancement of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission is critical for treatment efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Surprisingly, acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), a procedure known to reduce 5-HT neurotransmission, carried out in remitted OCD patients on select...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.023
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The microtubule-associated protein tau accumulates in neurodegenerative diseases known as tauopathies, the most common being Alzheimer's disease. One way to treat these disorders may be to reduce abnormal tau levels through chaperone manipulation, thus subverting synaptic plasticity defects caused by tau's t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.027
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In four series of studies on schizophrenic patients and normals we found that all the schizophrenics eliminated N, N-dimethyltryptamines in their urine while none of the normals did so. Similarly, with early infantile autism (Studies I and II) and normal controls, this separation between patiens and normals still held...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A broad definition of sensory gating refers to the ability of the brain to modulate its sensitivity to incoming sensory stimuli. This definition allows the concept of gating to include both the capacities to minimize or stop responding to incoming irrelevant stimuli (gating out) and to respond when a novel stimulus is...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00253-4
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potential recovery of electrophysiological and neuropsychological functions was investigated in alcoholics completing treatment and controls. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and neuropsychological tests were administered initially and repeated 14 months later. Alcoholics were classified as resumers or abstainers based...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)90639-4
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have implicated neurogenesis in the hippocampus in animal models of depression, especially those related to controllability and learned helplessness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that uncontrollable but not controllable stress would reduce cell proliferation in the hippocampus of male and ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.10.033
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As observed in depressed adults, there is considerable variability in the degree and direction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in depressed adolescents. The variability in HPA findings may be attributed to experiential factors. METHODS:A modified version of a standard psychosocial stress...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.012
更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:How clozapine exerts superior antipsychotic efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia is not known. Moderate (rather than "full") occupancy of D2 postsynaptic receptors may be crucial, perhaps by achieving a more effective D1/D2 or serotonin-2a/D2 ratio. The objective of this study was to test the modera...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00226-1
更新日期：1998-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sleep after learning supports memory consolidation. However, long-lasting memory effects of sleep have not yet been investigated. Postlearning sleep may be particularly involved in the long-term retention of emotional memories and could thereby contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.061
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Considering the magnitude of the reported changes in brain volume over time in first-episode patients it is unlikely that these changes are constant over the life-span of the schizophrenic illness. Thus, one would expect the progression in brain volume change in schizophrenia to follow a more complex traject...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.004
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Injection of ferric chloride (FC) into the left amygdala of rats produced limbic seizures that lasted at least 3 weeks. In addition, FC-injected animals demonstrated motor impairment, decreased protesting vocalizations, and spontaneous stereotypies during a behavioral examination. An increase in apomorphine-induced st...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(85)90151-9
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Clinically and biologically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous. Unusual patterns of visual preference as indexed by eye tracking are hallmarks; however, whether they can be used to define an early biomarker of ASD as a whole or leveraged to define a subtype is unclear. To begin to examine this ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032
更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that is often very severe and life threatening. In spite of the remarkable progress in understanding the neural biology, the etiopathophysiology of depression is still elusive. In this study, we have investigated molecular mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.024
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recognition of specific individuals is fundamental to mammalian social behavior and is mediated in most mammals by the main and accessory olfactory systems. Both these systems innervate the medial amygdala (MeA), where activity of the neuropeptide oxytocin is thought to mediate social recognition memory (SRM...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.03.022
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chronic stress is a major health concern, often leading to depression, anxiety, or when severe enough, posttraumatic stress disorder. While many studies demonstrate that the amygdala is hyperresponsive in patients with these disorders, the cellular neurophysiological effects of chronic stress on the systems ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.008
更新日期：2010-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Psychiatric disorders show high rates of comorbidity and nonspecificity of presenting clinical symptoms, while demonstrating substantial heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. Notably, many of these psychiatric disorders first manifest in youth. We review progress and next steps in efforts to parse heterogeneity ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.015
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
