Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Clinically and biologically, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is heterogeneous. Unusual patterns of visual preference as indexed by eye tracking are hallmarks; however, whether they can be used to define an early biomarker of ASD as a whole or leveraged to define a subtype is unclear. To begin to examine this issue, large cohorts are required. METHODS:A sample of 334 toddlers from six distinct groups (115 toddlers with ASD, 20 toddlers with ASD features, 57 toddlers with developmental delay, 53 toddlers with other conditions [e.g., premature birth, prenatal drug exposure], 64 toddlers with typical development, and 25 unaffected toddlers with siblings with ASD) was studied. Toddlers watched a movie containing geometric and social images. Fixation duration and number of saccades within each area of interest and validation statistics for this independent sample were computed. Next, to maximize power, data from our previous study (n = 110) were added for a total of 444 subjects. A subset of toddlers repeated the eye-tracking procedure. RESULTS:As in the original study, a subset of toddlers with ASD fixated on geometric images >69% of the time. Using this cutoff, sensitivity for ASD was 21%, specificity was 98%, and positive predictive value was 86%. Toddlers with ASD who strongly preferred geometric images had 1) worse cognitive, language, and social skills relative to toddlers with ASD who strongly preferred social images and 2) fewer saccades when viewing geometric images. Unaffected siblings of ASD probands did not show evidence of heightened preference for geometric images. Test-retest reliability was good. Examination of age effects suggested that this test may not be appropriate with children >4 years old. CONCLUSIONS:Enhanced visual preference for geometric repetition may be an early developmental biomarker of an ASD subtype with more severe symptoms.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Pierce K,Marinero S,Hazin R,McKenna B,Barnes CC,Malige Adoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.032subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-15 00:00:00pages
657-66issue
8eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(15)00310-8journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:There is amassing evidence that risky decision-making in bipolar disorder is related to reward-based differences in frontostriatal regions. However, the roles of early attentional and later cognitive processes remain unclear, limiting theoretical understanding and development of targeted interventions. METH...
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更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-01-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-05-15 00:00:00