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The familial phenotype of obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to tic disorders: the Hopkins OCD family study.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and tic disorders have phenomenological and familial-genetic overlaps. An OCD family study sample that excludes Tourette's syndrome in probands is used to examine whether tic disorders are part of the familial phenotype of OCD. METHODS:Eighty case and 73 control probands and their first-degree relatives were examined by experienced clinicians using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety version. DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained by a best-estimate consensus procedure. The prevalence and severity of tic disorders, age-at-onset of OCD symptoms, and transmission of OCD and tic disorders by characteristics and type of proband (OCD + tic disorder, OCD - tic disorder) were examined in relatives. RESULTS:Case probands and case relatives had a greater lifetime prevalence of tic disorders compared to control subjects. Tic disorders spanning a wide severity range were seen in case relatives; only mild severity was seen in control relatives. Younger age-at-onset of OCD symptoms and possibly male gender in case probands were associated with increased tic disorders in relatives. Although relatives of OCD + tic disorder and OCD - tic disorder probands had similar prevalences of tic disorders, this result is not conclusive. CONCLUSIONS:Tic disorders constitute an alternate expression of the familial OCD phenotype.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Grados MA,Riddle MA,Samuels JF,Liang KY,Hoehn-Saric R,Bienvenu OJ,Walkup JT,Song D,Nestadt G

doi

10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01074-5

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2001-10-15 00:00:00

pages

559-65

issue

8

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006322301010745

journal_volume

50

pub_type

杂志文章

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