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Enhanced orbitofrontal cortex function and lack of attentional bias to cocaine cues in recreational stimulant users.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Although cocaine is known to be a highly addictive drug, there appears to be a select subset of individuals who are able to use the substance recreationally without developing dependence. These individuals do not report experiencing feelings of craving for cocaine, an important distinction from dependent users. However, no prior studies have compared attentional bias with cocaine cues between these groups to confirm this difference. Additionally, previous investigations into cognitive abilities in these individuals have been conflicting, and no research has been conducted on the neurobiological processes underlying cognitive functioning in this group. METHODS:This study administered the emotional cocaine-word Stroop to 27 recreational cocaine users, 50 stimulant-dependent individuals, and 52 healthy control participants during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Behavioral and functional imaging results were compared between groups to assess attentional bias and cognitive effort to resist salient cocaine stimuli. RESULTS:Recreational users did not exhibit attentional bias to the cocaine words and did not differ from control subjects on task performance. Conversely, stimulant-dependent individuals were significantly more impaired on the task. Recreational participants also displayed a unique pattern of activation during performance, with significant underactivation in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices compared with both dependent users and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS:The absence of bias to cocaine-related stimuli in recreational users indicates they do not share attentional preference for these words with dependent users. Their distinct pattern of activation suggests a decreased need for cognitive control due to diminished desire for the drug, potentially serving as a resilience factor against dependence.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Smith DG,Simon Jones P,Bullmore ET,Robbins TW,Ersche KD

doi

10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.019

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-01-15 00:00:00

pages

124-31

issue

2

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006-3223(13)00473-3

journal_volume

75

pub_type

杂志文章

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