Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Long term medication with antipsychotic drugs is known to produce changes in neurotransmitter levels and receptor sensitivity in the cortex; however, the anatomic consequences of chronic antipsychotic exposure are not well established. METHODS:Accordingly, rhesus monkeys were given daily oral doses of typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs (TAP or AAP) or a placebo for 6 months. After treatment, a stereologic method was used to assess neuronal and glial density and cortical thickness in prefrontal area 46. RESULTS:Neuronal density in drug-treated monkeys and controls did not differ in any cortical layer. Glial density was elevated in monkeys that received antipsychotic medications: as much as 33% in layers that receive dense excitatory afferents (layers I in TAP monkeys and IV in AAP monkeys). In addition, layer V was wider in all drug-treated monkeys. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings indicate that glial proliferation and hypertrophy of the cerebral cortex is a common response to antipsychotic drugs. We hypothesize that these responses play a regulatory role in adjusting neurotransmitter levels or metabolic processes. Finally, the negative results with respect to neuronal density indicate that the elevated neuronal density found in the schizophrenic cortex is unlikely to be a medication effect.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Selemon LD,Lidow MS,Goldman-Rakic PSdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00113-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-15 00:00:00pages
161-72issue
2eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(99)00113-4journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:No objective diagnostic biomarkers or laboratory tests have yet been developed for psychotic illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies consistently find significant abnormalities in multiple brain structures in psychotic patients relative to healthy control subjects, but these abnormalities show subs...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.019
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Only about one third of patients at high risk for psychosis based on current clinical criteria convert to a psychotic disorder within a 2.5-year follow-up period. Targeting clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals for preventive interventions could expose many to unnecessary treatments, underscoring the need to ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.038
更新日期:2014-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and clinically heterogeneous disorder that is associated with tremendous financial burden, stress to families, and adverse academic and vocational outcomes. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is highly prevalent in children worldwide, and the pr...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.020
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate if acute anxiety can affect plasma concentrations of homovanillic acid (pHVA). Since elevated pHVA levels have been associated with severity of schizophrenic symptoms, the results of this study will help determine if the pHVA elevations are directly related to psychosis ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00390-8
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mood disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescence. As a result, many adolescents are treated with psychopharmacologic agents such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers. To date, research into the safety and efficacy of these medications has lagged behind clinical practice. ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01149-0
更新日期:2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent research suggests that immune dysregulation in pregnancy could be a risk factor for anxiety and depression symptoms in offspring. Whereas animal studies have demonstrated the importance of the link between perinatal cytokines and abnormal behaviors in offspring, human epidemiological studies in this a...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.009
更新日期:2020-10-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cAMP signaling pathway, and its downstream neurotrophic factor BDNF, are major targets of antidepressant medications. Abnormalities in this pathway have previously been reported in postmortem brain of subjects with mood disorders. This study was designed to test whether the diagnosis of a mood disorder, ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01083-6
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To estimate the prevalence and correlates of clinician-diagnosed DSM-IV nonaffective psychosis (NAP) in a national household survey. METHODS:Data came from the United States National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). A screen for NAP was followed by blinded sub-sample clinical reappraisal interviews. ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.034
更新日期:2005-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Probenecid is used to block the transport of acid monoamine metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), on the assumption that the resultant rise in CSF concentrations of the metabolites will reflect presynaptic "turnover" of the parent monoamine. However, CSF levels of probenecid correlate with CSF levels of the meta...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few studies have sought to identify, in a regionally unbiased way, the precise cortical and subcortical regions that are affected by white matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to derive a comprehensive, whole-brain characterization of connectomic disturban...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.12.013
更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with the 133Xenon clearance technique and a high resolution (254 detectors) scanner during the performance of a verbal and a facial memory task in 18 patients with schizophrenia and 18 sociodemographically matched controls. Patients and controls had comparable resting r...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)91160-6
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reports relating phenylalanine kinetics and metabolism to psychiatric disorders led us to undertake the comprehensive screening of the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) coding region and functional testing of discovered mutations in a sample of psychiatric patients and healthy control subjects. METHODS:Genomi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01528-7
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder without validated objective markers. Eye movement studies may be useful in providing objective criteria for characterizing the disorder. METHODS:We compared 53 children (29 girls) with ADHD to 44 healthy control children (18 gi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01095-2
更新日期:2001-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings might represent intermediate phenotypes that could be used to investigate genetic susceptibility to the illness. We sought to discover previously unidentified gray matter volume differences in patients with schizophren...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.027
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One of the most recognizable features of psychopathy is the reduced ability to successfully learn and adapt overt behavior. This might be due to deficient processing of error information indicating the need to adapt controlled behavior. METHODS:Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral components of er...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.011
更新日期:2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the nature of impaired smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in schizophrenia, 16 hospitalized schizophrenics in the acute phase and 16 hospitalized nonpsychotic patients were studied. The experiment consisted of five 30-sec visual tracking phases: (i) base line (no distraction); (ii) auditory-visual distracti...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a neuronal protein that plays a role in maintaining dendritic structure through its interaction with microtubules. In schizophrenia (Sz), numerous studies have revealed that the typically robust immunoreactivity (IR) of MAP2 is significantly reduced across several c...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.029
更新日期:2015-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postmortem studies examining discrete regions show reduced cortical thickness in schizophrenia. Computational image analysis methods allow spatially detailed cortical thickness measurements across the entire cortex in 3D, but have not addressed thickness changes in cingulate or other cortices bordering the m...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.043
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anterior cingulate cortex has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). With single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reported reductions in anterior cingulate glutamatergic concentrations (grouped value of glutamate and glutamine) in 14 pediatric MDD patients ver...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.05.007
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The cardiovascular safety of mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR) was evaluated in 2968 children 6-12 years of age with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:In this prospective, open-label, noncomparative, community-based study, subjects whose symptoms of ADHD were well cont...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.002
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A recent analysis of 25 historical candidate gene polymorphisms for schizophrenia in the largest genome-wide association study conducted to date suggested that these commonly studied variants were no more associated with the disorder than would be expected by chance. However, the same study identified other ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.033
更新日期:2017-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The specific binding to platelet membranes (Bmax) of 3H-clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, and 3H-yohimbine, an alpha-2 antagonist, was measured in nine drug-free male schizophrenic patients and repeated after 2 weeks of chlorpromazine (CPZ) treatment. Patients with a lower pretreatment Bmax for 3H-clonidine showed a sign...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(85)90025-3
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin drives higher-order feeding processes related to food reward and food seeking via central nervous system signaling at its receptor (GHSR1A). The specific nuclei mediating these effects are only partially understood. Here, we use a rat model to examine whether ghrelin signa...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.002
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although several reports agree that smooth-pursuit eye movement (SPEM) is abnormal in some obsessive-compulsive disordered (OCD) patients, differences between treatments and lack of accuracy in control selection make the results controversial. Although reduced gain seems the most accepted abnormality, the characterist...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(95)00607-9
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suvorexant is an orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia. We report results from two pivotal phase 3 trials. METHODS:Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 3-month trials in nonelderly (18-64 years) and elderly (≥65 years) patients with insomnia. Suvorexant doses of 4...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.003
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90455-b
更新日期:1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies have suggested that there may be a preferential decrease of "nonpyramidal" neurons (NPs) in several corticolimbic regions of schizophrenic (SZ) brain. The current study was undertaken to determine whether a change in the density of pyramidal neurons (PNs) and NPs might be present in the hippoc...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00138-3
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Language disorder associated with schizophrenia might be due to disturbances in both automatic activation and mechanisms of controlled attention. The contribution of each process to semantic memory dysfunction has not been determined for schizophrenia, and the semantic priming paradigm is well-suited for add...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00699-1
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been an explosion of interest in the study of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota) and their impact on host health and physiology. Accumulating data suggest that altered communication between gut microbiota and host systems could participate in disorders such as obesity, diab...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.014
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEGs were recorded for two groups of chronic alcoholics who scored at opposite extremes on the Shipley Institute of Living Scale. The groups were matched in terms of age and drinking history variables and were compared to age-matched control subjects for left and right precentral (F-T) and postcentral (C-O) placements...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-12-01 00:00:00