Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Decreased hippocampal volume is observed in patients with Cushing's syndrome and other conditions associated with elevated cortisol levels, stress, or both. Reversibility of hippocampal neuronal atrophy resulting from stress occurs in animals. Our study investigated the potential for reversibility of human hippocampal atrophy. METHODS:The study included 22 patients with Cushing's disease. Magnetic resonance brain imaging was performed prior to transsphenoidal microadenomectomy and again after treatment. RESULTS:Following treatment, hippocampal formation volume (HFV) increased by up to 10%. The mean percent change (3.2 +/- 2.5) was significantly greater (p < .04) than that of the comparison structure, caudate head volume (1.5 +/- 3.4). Increase in HFV was significantly associated with magnitude of decrease in urinary free cortisol (r = -.61, p < .01). This relationship strengthened after adjustments for age, duration of disease, and months elapsed since surgery (r = -.70, p < .001). There was no significant correlation between caudate head volume change and magnitude of cortisol decrease. CONCLUSIONS:Changes in human HFV associated with sustained hypercortisolemia are reversible, at least in part, once cortisol levels decrease. While many brain regions are likely affected by hypercortisolemia, the human hippocampus exhibits increased sensitivity to cortisol, affecting both volume loss and recovery.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Starkman MN,Giordani B,Gebarski SS,Berent S,Schork MA,Schteingart DEdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00203-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-15 00:00:00pages
1595-602issue
12eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(99)00203-6journal_volume
46pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:We previously reported that a single injection of ketamine prior to stress protects against the onset of depressive-like behavior and attenuates learned fear. However, the molecular pathways and brain circuits underlying ketamine-induced stress resilience are still largely unknown. METHODS:Here, we tested w...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.011
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depersonalization and other behavioral and physiological indices were monitored before and after the administration of high- and low-potency marijuana cigarettes and a placebo cigarette in 35 physically and mentally healthy normal volunteers. The cigarettes were administered under double-blind conditions during three ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90171-9
更新日期:1993-03-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:One of the most recognizable features of psychopathy is the reduced ability to successfully learn and adapt overt behavior. This might be due to deficient processing of error information indicating the need to adapt controlled behavior. METHODS:Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral components of er...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.011
更新日期:2009-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Buprenorphine (BUP) is effective in the treatment of opioid dependence when given on alternating days, probably as a result of long-lasting occupation of micro opioid receptors (microORs). This study examined the duration of action of BUP at microORs and correlations with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.043
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postmortem cerebellar and frontal cortical membrane homogenates from human alcoholics, control subjects without neurological or psychiatric illnesses, and rats that chronically drank alcohol were studied to determine the binding characteristics of an imidazobenzodiazepine, [3H]Ro 15-4513. This ligand binds to classica...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90309-n
更新日期:1992-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sleep after learning supports memory consolidation. However, long-lasting memory effects of sleep have not yet been investigated. Postlearning sleep may be particularly involved in the long-term retention of emotional memories and could thereby contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.061
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neurons containing proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides, known to control stress axis, metabolic, and immune functions, have a lower function in patients with a family history of alcoholism, raising the possibility that alcohol effects on the POMC system may transmit through generations. Here we descr...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.006
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review explores the descriptive epidemiology of schizophrenia. Risk factors and correlates are divided into three groups based on whether the available evidence is consistent and strong, consistent and potentially strong, or inconsistent. The paper then considers epidemiologic studies of the course of illn...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00153-5
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preclinical and clinical evidence indicate that the glutamatergic system might play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of riluzole, a glutamate-modulating agent, in bipolar depression. METHODS:This was an 8-week add-on study of rilu...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.023
更新日期:2005-02-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Reinforcement of behavioral responses involves a complex cerebral circuit engaging specific neuronal networks that are modulated by cortical oversight systems affiliated with emotion, memory, judgment, and decision making (collectively referred to in this study as the "extended reward and oversight system" o...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.018
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is presented for the occurrence of a locus for schizotaxia on the short arm of chromosome 6. This derives from study of 63 informative members of seven pedigrees in which the proband and a parent (or a sib of parent) suffered with schizophrenia and other kin were either normal or fell within a spectrum of con...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and sleep EEG were compared in three different descriptive diagnostic schemes in 70 adult patients with nonpsychotic, unipolar major depressive disorder according to Research Diagnostic Criteria. Endogenous (E)/nonendogenous (NE), primary/secondary, and Winokur's family history...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Brattleboro rats (BRATs) have natural deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response similar to those exhibited by schizophrenia patients, which are reversed by antipsychotics. We sought to determine whether they also have increases in striatal dopamine-2 (D2) receptors found in some studies e...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.045
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) subserves complex cognition and is impaired by stress. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), through CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1), constitutes a key element of the stress response. However, its contribution to the effects of stress in the mPFC remains unclear. METHODS:Mice were...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2106
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-occurs with substance use disorders at high rates, but the neurobiological basis of this relationship is largely unknown. PTSD and drug addiction each involve dysregulation of brain reward circuitry; therefore, the identification of pathology of the mesolimbic dopamine...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.04.024
更新日期:2015-12-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.05.018
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Binge eating and other forms of disordered eating behavior (DEB) are associated with failed inhibitory control. This study investigated the neural correlates of failed inhibitory control as a potential biomarker for DEB. METHODS:The study used prospective longitudinal data from the European IMAGEN study ado...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.027
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 30 years, investigators have used nonlinear and so-called chaos theory-based techniques to examine a wide range of phenomena ranging from electroencephalogram and cardiac rate and rhythm analyses to stock market and weather predictions. Psychiatric neuroscientists are now beginning to apply nonlinear met...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01701-8
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of neuroendocrine abnormalities have been reported in panic disorder patients: the most extensively studied being disturbances of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (Curtis et al. 1982; Leiberman et al. 1983; Uhde et al. 1988). The recent sequencing and synthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone now al...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90049-8
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Survival and differentiation of neurons and the formation and maintenance of synapses in the cerebral cortex may be affected in schizophrenia. Since neurotrophins play an important role in these events, behavioral effects relevant to schizophrenia were investigated in rats that had compromised neurotrophin f...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.015
更新日期:2004-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:K-complexes (KCs) are evoked delta frequency electroencephalogram (EEG) responses during sleep that occur when large numbers of healthy cortical cells burst fire in a synchronized manner. The KC amplitude and incidence are sensitive measures of normal healthy brain aging. Given the known neurodegenerative co...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.010
更新日期:2009-07-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As observed in depressed adults, there is considerable variability in the degree and direction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in depressed adolescents. The variability in HPA findings may be attributed to experiential factors. METHODS:A modified version of a standard psychosocial stress...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.012
更新日期:2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Personality traits are associated with substance dependence (SD); genetic factors may influence both. Strong associations between ADH4 variation and SD have been reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ADH4 variation and personality traits in the present study. METHODS:We assessed dimensi...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.017
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several findings support the hypothesis that the striatum is implicated in executive functions and in the modulation of goal-directed behavior, and could play a key role in the pathophysiology and in the production of symptoms and signs in schizophrenia. We have studied the relationship between the objective measures ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00017-6
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis has been reliably observed in patients with major depression. One of the primary features of this HPA axis hyperactivity is reduced sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone on the production of adrenocorticotropic hormone...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01088-x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary administration of L-tryptophan to rats failed to increase blood platelets. Instead platelet counts were decreased after feeding either a tryptophan-deficient or tryptophan-enriched (10%) diet, but were unchanged in animals on a 1% tryptophan diet. Platelet median volumes were not affected by any of these dieta...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Event-related potentials (ERPs) and electrodermal activity were studied in 14 medicated schizophrenics, 17 unmedicated schizophrenics, and 23 age- and education-matched controls. Subjects were run in three auditory stimulus paradigms differing from the usual ERP paradigms in having interstimulus intervals greater than...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90094-3
更新日期:1991-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertonic hemolysis was increased in patients with a manic episode (n = 6, mean NaCl concentration in mol/L at which 50% of the erythrocytes was hemolyzed (H50) 3.24 +/- 0.10), compared to healthy controls (n = 12, mean H50 3.43 +/- 0.13) (p < or = 0.02) and patients with a nonaffective psychotic disorder (n = 15, me...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00106-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular serotonin in striatum was studied in untreated streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and in untreated nondiabetic rats that served as age-, food-, and sex-matched controls. Extracellular serotonin was studied under anesthesia in vivo and dynamically with voltammetry. The results showed that an early and s...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90278-8
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to investigate dopamine synthesis in the brain of drug-free schizophrenic patients, not only in the striatum but also in extrastriatal areas like the prefrontal cortex, brain areas that for a long time has been in focus of interest in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. ME...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00109-2
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00