Abstract：
:Endogenous opioid and non-opioid mechanisms (for example, dopamine (DA), endocannabinoids (eCB)) have been implicated in the formation of placebo analgesic effects, with initial reports dating back three decades. Besides the perspective that placebo effects confound randomized clinical trials, the information so far acquired points to neurobiological systems that when activated by positive expectations and maintained through conditioning and reward learning are capable of inducing physiological changes that lead to the experience of analgesia and improvements in emotional state. Molecular neuroimaging techniques with positron emission tomography and the selective μ-opioid and D2/3 radiotracers [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride have significantly contributed to our understanding of the neurobiological systems involved in the formation of placebo effects. This line of research has described neural and neurotransmitter networks implicated in placebo responses and provided the technical tools to examine inter-individual differences in the function of placebo-responsive mechanisms, and potential surrogates (biomarkers). As a consequence, the formation of biological placebo effects is now being linked to the concept of resiliency mechanisms, partially determined by genetic factors, and uncovered by the cognitive emotional integration of the expectations created by the therapeutic environment and its maintenance through learning mechanisms. Further work needs to extend this research into clinical conditions where the rates of placebo responses are high and its neurobiological mechanisms have been largely unexplored (for example, mood and anxiety disorders, persistent pain syndromes or even Parkinson disease and multiple sclerosis). The delineation of these processes within and across diseases would point to biological targets that have not been contemplated in traditional drug development.
journal_name
Mol Psychiatryjournal_title
Molecular psychiatryauthors
Peciña M,Zubieta JKdoi
10.1038/mp.2014.164subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
416-23issue
4eissn
1359-4184issn
1476-5578pii
mp2014164journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Higher scores on the personality trait of neuroticism, the tendency to experience negative emotions, are associated with worse mental and physical health. Studies examining links between neuroticism and health typically operationalize neuroticism by summing the items from a neuroticism scale. However, neuroticism is m...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-019-0387-3
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many human hereditary neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expanded CAG repeats, and anonymous CAG expansions have also been described in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We have isolated and sequenced a novel human cDNA encoding a neuronal, small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (hSKCa3) that co...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000353
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease with a strong genetic component. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar (BP) disorders. The present study has examined two polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium in the BDNF gene, which have been vario...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001575
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The search for genetic factors predisposing to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has focused on genes that regulate dopaminergic pathways such as dopamine receptors and enzymes that regulate levels of dopamine in the synapse. There have been several reports of association between ADHD and polymorphic var...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000744
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder with a polygenic pattern of inheritance and a population prevalence of ~1%. Previous studies have implicated synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia. We tested the accumulated association of genetic variants in expert-curated synaptic gene groups with schizophrenia in 4673 ca...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2011.117
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being identified by several laboratories for the purpose of developing dense genetic maps. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis has been widely used as a method for detecting novel sequence variations in PCR products. Differences in migrati...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000564
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence from both genetic and clinico-pharmacological studies suggests that D-serine, an endogenous coagonist to the NMDA subtype glutamate receptor, may be implicated in schizophrenia (SZ). Although an association of genes for D-serine degradation, such as D-amino acid oxidase and G72, has been reported...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001776
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have implicated DTNBP1 as a schizophrenia susceptibility gene and its encoded protein, dysbindin, as a potential regulator of synaptic vesicle physiology. In this study, we found that endogenous levels of the dysbindin protein in the mouse brain are developmentally regulated, with higher levels observ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2009.58
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A polymorphism in the serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene regulatory region (5-HTTLPR) is associated with measures of 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) expression and 5-HT-mediated behaviors in humans. An analogous length variation of the 5-HTTLPR has been reported in rhesus monkeys (rh5-HTTLPR). A retrospective association stud...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001157
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A genetic predisposition to the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) has been suggested by clinical studies. Although the molecular basis of NMS is unclear, a dopaminergic blockade mechanism has been considered the main cause. We therefore investigated the association between NMS and three functional po...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001422
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The GABAB receptor (GABABR) agonist baclofen has been used to treat alcohol and several other substance use disorders (AUD/SUD), yet its underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate cortical GABABR dynamics following chronic alcohol exposure. Ex vivo brain slice recordings from m...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-01009-6
更新日期：2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperactivation of the amygdala following chronic stress is believed to be one of the primary mechanisms underlying the increased propensity for anxiety-like behaviors and pathological states; however, the mechanisms by which chronic stress modulates amygdalar function are not well characterized. The aim of the curren...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2012.90
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endogenous opioid system, which alleviates physical pain, is also known to regulate social distress and reward in animal models. To test this hypothesis in humans (n=18), we used an μ-opioid receptor (MOR) radiotracer to measure changes in MOR availability in vivo with positron emission tomography during social re...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2013.96
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to severe stressors increases the risk for psychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals, but can lead to positive outcomes for others. However, it remains unknown how severe stress affects neural functioning in humans and what factors mediate individual differences in the neural sequelae of stress. The amy...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2010.132
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and increased impulsivity. To detect micro-deletions and micro-duplications that may have a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD, we carried out a genome-wide screen for cop...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2010.29
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To identify loci associated with Alzheimer disease, we conducted a three-stage analysis using existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genotyping in a new sample. In Stage I, all suggestive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (at P<0.001) in a previously reported GWAS of seven independent studies (8082 Alzheime...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1038/mp.2013.86
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The different serotonin (5-HT) receptors, including the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), are excellent candidate genes for suicide and suicidal behavior, and thus, they have been investigated in a large number of allelic association studies. The individual results of these studies have been inconsistent and definite con...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001336
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 3-day Nobel Conference entitled 'The role of genetics in promoting suicide prevention and the mental health of the population' was held at the Nobel Forum, Karolinska Institute (KI) in Stockholm, Sweden, during 8-10 June 2009. The conference was sponsored by the Nobel Assembly for Physiology or Medicine and organize...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2009.113
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT) is associated with spatial working memory deficits. These deficits are known to be subserved by dysfunction of neural circuits involving right prefrontal, striatal and parietal brain regions. This study determines whether decreased right prefrontal, str...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001999
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) gene is considered a leading schizophrenia candidate gene. Although its role in increasing schizophrenia susceptibility has been conflicting, recent studies suggest the valine allele may contribute to poor cognitive function in schizophrenia. V(158)M COMT genotype was obtained ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001616
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of the cerebral cortex is a tightly regulated process that relies on exquisitely coordinated actions of intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Here, we show that the communication between forebrain meninges and apical neural progenitor cells (aNPC) is essential to cortical development, and that the basal compar...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2017.236
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of this study is to investigate the familial transmission of the spectrum of bipolar disorder in a nonclinical sample of probands with a broad range of manifestations of mood disorders. The sample included a total of 447 probands recruited from a clinically enriched community screening and their 2082 adult li...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2013.116
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the advent of technologies that allow simultaneous genotyping of thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome, the genetic contributions to complex diseases can be explored at an unprecedented detail. This study is among the first to apply the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2008.141
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper summarizes recent research on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)--which might be described as the "other, forgotten genome". Recent studies suggest the possible pathophysiological significance of mtDNA in schizophrenia and neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Decreased activity of the mitochondrial electron transpo...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000926
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human 16p11.2 gene locus is a hot spot for copy number variations, which predispose carriers to a range of neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Microduplications of 16p11.2 are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and schizophrenia (SZ). Despite the debilitating nature of 16p11.2 d...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-020-0693-9
更新日期：2020-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic and environmental components as well as their interaction contribute to the risk of schizophrenia, making it highly relevant to include environmental factors in genetic studies of schizophrenia. This study comprises genome-wide association (GWA) and follow-up analyses of all individuals born in Denmark since 1...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2013.2
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical treatment with various cytokines can provoke psychiatric symptoms. Conversely, psychiatric patients can display abnormalities in cytokine and neurotrophic factor expression. Such observations have pointed to the potential contribution of cytokines and growth factors to schizophrenic pathology and/or etiology. ...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4000730
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epidermal growth factor (EGF) comprises a structurally related family of proteins containing heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) that regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons as well as monoamine metabolism. We assessed the contribution of EGF to sch...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.mp.4001081
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzodiazepines facilitate the inhibitory actions of GABA by binding to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs), GABA-gated chloride/bicarbonate channels, which are the key mediators of transmission at inhibitory synapses in the brain. This activity underpins potent anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effec...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41380-018-0100-y
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Critical periods are temporary windows of heightened neural plasticity early in development. For example, fear memories in juvenile rodents are subject to erasure following extinction training, while after closure of this critical period, extinction training only temporarily and weakly suppresses fear memories. Persis...
journal_title：Molecular psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/mp.2015.179
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
