In vivo protection by broadly neutralizing HIV antibodies.

abstract：:Proteins embedded in membranes are important for helping the cell adapt to changes in the extracellular milieu and often play key roles in the life cycles of pathogenic microbes. Bioinformatic predictions can provide an estimate of membrane proteins, but experimental approaches of detection are required for a deeper u...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bernsel A,Daley DO

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptation of rhizobia to a symbiotic life style and synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus are coordinated with nodule development by the microaerobic conditions prevailing in the central nodule tissue. Sensing and transduction of the "low oxygen' signal involves similar regulatory elements in different rhizobia,...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fischer HM

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new genetic locus mediating avirulence in the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans has been discovered. The Avr3b-Avr10-Avr11 locus is recognized by three different potato resistance genes, and is different from other Avr loci that have been identified thus far. This locus encodes a large protein with ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Qutob D,Tedman-Jones J,Gijzen M

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some viruses have the ability to modulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Virus infections have long been associated with the exacerbation of autoimmune disease, however, there is also evidence that viruses can actually protect against autoimmune disease. Several experimental models have been developed to inve...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fujinami RS

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Archaea include microorganisms growing in some of the most extreme environments on earth. Consequently, their cellular components are remarkably stable entities and have considerable potential in the biotechnology industry. Here, we review the structure of archaeal enzymes in the context of their ability to functi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Danson MJ,Hough DW

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term 'type III secretion' has seen widespread use. However, problems persist in nomenclature. We propose that the standard abbreviation for this kind of secretion should be 'T3S' and that 'type III secretion system' should be abbreviated to 'T3SS'. There is also a need for a new terminology to distinguish flagella...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Desvaux M,Hébraud M,Henderson IR,Pallen MJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of the latent reservoir remains a challenge to curing HIV infection. Using shRNA screening, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying latency regulation indicate that the estrogen receptor is a potent repressor of proviral reactivation and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combinat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bick AJ,Hapgood JP

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectacular failure of the existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in recent tuberculosis-control trials has prompted a search for potential replacements. Imaginative approaches currently under development include the modulation of BCG by the production of auxotrophic mutants or cytokine-secreting recombina...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Orme IM

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent American successes against poliomyelitis and measles have been attributed to repeated 'pulse' vaccination campaigns. Whilst logistic and economic constraints will be crucial, a deeper epidemiological understanding of the mechanism, strengths and weaknesses of pulse vaccination will optimize the chances of succe...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Nokes DJ,Swinton J

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:H3N2-subtype influenza A viruses are major causes of seasonal influenza epidemics. Emerging H3N2 variants require the annual adjustment of the vaccine strain. Recently, studies addressing the reduced effectiveness of current H3N2 vaccines have identified production-related substitutions in the viral hemagglutinin anti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Mostafa A,Pleschka S

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forms of African trypanosomes that live in tsetse fly vectors are coated with lipid-anchored proteins and glycoproteins known collectively as procyclins. Procyclins are expressed during development in the fly in a multiplicity of isoforms yet their functions remain unknown. Recent studies involving a multidiscipli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pearson TW

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer can provide bacteria with new functions that confer an important competitive advantage, and is therefore likely to affect the dynamics of bacterial ecosystems. Two studies by Wolfe et al. and Bonham et al. prepare the way to study this hypothesis in a model ecosystem with reproducible properti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van de Guchte M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how asymmetries in cellular constituents are achieved and how such positional information directs the construction of structures in a nonrandom fashion is a fundamental problem in cell biology. The recent identification of determinants that self-assemble into macromolecular complexes at the bacterial cel...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bergé M,Viollier PH

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli, is the commonest cause of acute renal failure in childhood. It is widely believed that HUS develops following the release of Stx, an AB5 toxin that inhibits protein synthesis and has a direct toxic effect on the kidney ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Heyderman RS,Soriani M,Hirst TR

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses encode membrane-associated glycoproteins that direct the initial stages of virus infection. These usually oligomeric structures bind virions to cell surface receptors and, subsequently, direct fusion of viral membranes with cellular membranes. These structures are also the primary targets of neutrali...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Morrison TG

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study has provided important clues towards the identity of the host genes that conspire to promote post-integration latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Various genes controlling transcription, histone deacetylation and proteasome-mediated protein degradation have emerged as potential players. If th...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Williams SA,Greene WC

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing concerns about global climate change and energy dependence have led to an increased effort to reduce carbon emissions. A considerable reduction could be achieved by using biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass instead of fossil fuels. One major bottleneck of biofuel production from lignocellulose is the availab...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hess M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several features of HIV have frustrated efforts to develop a vaccine able to induce broadly neutralising antibodies. The enormous genetic diversity of HIV is a major factor, accompanied by the camouflaged nature of the envelope spike, upon which HIV depends for cellular entry and to which antibodies must bind to neutr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Willey S,Aasa-Chapman MM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The global emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has reduced the number of clinically available antibiotics that retain activity against this pathogen. For this reason, the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for infections caused by A. baumannii is necessary. Several studies ha...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： García-Quintanilla M,Pulido MR,López-Rojas R,Pachón J,McConnell MJ

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high degree of similarity that exists between all the [NiFe] hydrogenase operons and the near universality of hydrogen metabolism among microorganisms suggest that the microbial ability to metabolize hydrogen is of great importance and ancient origin. The large number of genes present in these operons, which are m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Casalot L,Rousset M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improved fluorescence techniques for visualizing proteins in whole bacterial cells have resulted in recent breakthroughs in our understanding of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in prokaryotes. The dynamics and localization of some of these proteins reveal surprisingly cytoskeletal-like behavior. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Margolin W

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cryptococcosis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide, particularly among AIDS patients. Yet, to date, there are no licensed vaccines clinically available to treat or prevent cryptococcosis. In this review, we provide a rationale to support continued investment in Cryptococcus vaccine resear...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Caballero Van Dyke MC,Wormley FL Jr

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse enveloped viruses enter host cells by fusing their envelopes with cell membranes. The mechanisms of merger of lipid bilayers of two membranes mediated by influenza hemagglutinin and other viral fusion proteins apparently involve local lipidic connections that evolve into a bilayer septum in which a pore forms ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Melikyan GB,Chernomordik LV

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can become endosymbionts, reducing atmospheric nitrogen within nodules formed on the roots of legume plants. During tissue and cell invasion, bacterial cell-surface components adapt the bacterium to survive as an endophyte without eliciting host-defence responses. The structures of many...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kannenberg EL,Brewin NJ

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA vaccines can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses without any additional adjuvant. Recent studies indicate that unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within DNA vaccines are immune stimulatory and exert an essential endogenous adjuvant activity. These CpG motifs can be added deliberately to DNA or conventi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Krieg AM,Yi AK,Schorr J,Davis HL

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides significant protection against microbial invasion of the brain. However, the BBB is not impenetrable, and mechanisms by which viruses breach it are becoming clearer. In vivo and in vitro model systems are enabling identification of host and viral factors contributing to breakdown...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Spindler KR,Hsu TH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-negative bacteria produce repeats-in-toxin adhesion proteins (RTX adhesins) to facilitate microbial adhesion. These large, multidomain proteins share a common architecture comprised of four regions. First to emerge from the bacterium, C terminal end leading, is the RTX export sequence that directs the protein thr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Guo S,Vance TDR,Stevens CA,Voets I,Davies PL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to tetracycline is generally due either to energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline or to protection of the bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracycline. The genes that encode this resistance are normally acquired via transferable plasmids and/or transposons. Tet determinants have been found in a wide...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Roberts MC

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Meningococcal infection remains a worldwide health problem, and understanding the mechanisms by which Neisseria meningitidis evades host innate and acquired immunity is crucial. The complement system is vital for protecting individuals against N. meningitidis. However, this pathogen has evolved several mechanisms to a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Schneider MC,Exley RM,Ram S,Sim RB,Tang CM

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis is of huge importance as it underpins the success of coral reefs, yet we know very little about how the host cnidarian and its dinoflagellate endosymbionts communicate with each other to form a functionally integrated unit. Here, we review the current knowledge of interpartner mo...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rosset SL,Oakley CA,Ferrier-Pagès C,Suggett DJ,Weis VM,Davy SK

更新日期：2020-09-23 00:00:00