Abstract:
:This paper represents a unique effort to elucidate the dynamics of two major types of politically motivated hostage takers. The data presented are derived from an ongoing research project that is gathering extensive interview and psychological test materials from prisoners convicted of politically motivated crimes, both within the U.S. and several foreign prison systems. Data indicate that: (1) the reluctant hostage taker, who inadvertently or regretfully possesses hostages, is concerned with the opinions, emotional state, and safety of his captives and is burdened by a sense of responsibility; (2) the deliberate hostage taker experiences his hostages as nonhuman objects whose safety and existence are predicated on the furtherance of his goals, is concerned with the issue of control, and projects responsibility for violence onto others. Only a small subset of each type can be considered grossly psychologically impaired and unable to separate intra- and extra-psychic reality. The actions of the majority of each group are mediated generally by ego functions and directed toward the service of external goals.
journal_name
Ann N Y Acad Scijournal_title
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencesauthors
Knutson JNdoi
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb21261.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1980-01-01 00:00:00pages
117-28eissn
0077-8923issn
1749-6632journal_volume
347pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In adult Lurcher mice virtually all cerebellar Purkinje cells have degenerated as a direct consequence of mutant gene action, providing a natural model for studying the effect of cerebellar cortical lesions on the generation of compensatory eye movements. Lurcher mice possess both optokinetic (OKR) and vestibular (VOR...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The characteristics of the sensations produced by activating one electrode at a time are summarized as follows: (a) Loudness was found to increase with current level and pitch with repetition rate. (b) Pitch and sharpness increased in the apical-to-basal direction, and vowel labels could be assigned to sensations prod...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb31639.x
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abstract::Fungal pathogens are a growing threat to public health. As human immunodeficiency becomes increasingly common, fungal infections are becoming more prevalent. The use of antifungal agents for prophylaxis and treatment of fungal infections has favored the emergence of previously rare or unidentified species of drug-resi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Recently, cell-free fetal DNA has been found in maternal plasma and serum. This discovery opens up a new field of investigation and provides an easily accessible source of fetal genetic material for prenatal diagnosis. Prenatal diagnostic applications of fetal DNA in maternal plasma include the investigation of sex-li...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC) is an important mitochondrial constituent, and deficiency of KGDHC is associated with a number of neurological disorders. KGDHC is composed of three proteins, each encoded on a different and well-characterized gene. The sequences of the human proteins are known. Th...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::To identify factors regulating neurogenesis and programmed cell death in mouse olfactory epithelium (OE), and to determine the mechanisms by which these factors act, we have studied mouse OE using two major experimental paradigms: tissue culture of embryonic OE and cell types isolated from it; and ablation of the olfa...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to the discipline of medicine: the use of nanoscale materials for the diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of disease. Nanomedicine holds tremendous promise to revolutionize medicine across disciplines and specialties, but this promise has yet to b...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::CISD2, the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2), is an evolutionarily conserved novel gene. Recently, we have demonstrated that CISD2 is involved in mammalian lifespan control; this work also establishes WFS2 as a mitochondria-mediated disorder and effectively links CISD2 gene function, mitochondrial integrity...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::This review has addressed the concern that the reduction of the risk of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular disorders by means of reducing serum cholesterol levels might, at the same time, increase the risk of developing noncardiovascular conditions. This concern is justified because, at face value, prospe...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Rickettsiae primarily infect the microvascular endothelium, leading to changes in microvascular permeability that result in potentially severe pulmonary and cerebral edema. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are not well understood. One potential mechanism of increased vascular permeability is the anti-ricke...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The rates and properties of new mutations affecting fitness have implications for a number of outstanding questions in evolutionary biology. Obtaining estimates of mutation rates and effects has historically been challenging, and little theory has been available for predicting the distribution of fitness effects (DFE)...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher levels of body fat are associated with increased risk for development of numerous adverse health conditions. Phytochemicals are potential agents to inhibit differentiation of preadipocytes, stimulate lipolysis, and induce apoptosis of existing adipocytes, thereby reducing adipose tissue mass. Resveratrol decrea...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of beta2-adrenergic receptors (beta2-R) on B lymphocytes and agonist-induced cAMP production is reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further study functional consequences of the diminished beta2-R density on B lymphocytes in RA patients, agonist-induced cell death was evaluated and com...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The public health implications of reducing or preventing the excess increase in blood pressure and the acquisition of obesity during childhood years are important. Many children with high blood pressure, particularly those who are initially obese or become obese as young adults and those with excess left ventricular m...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Motivation can be defined as a class of central nervous processes determining the likelihood of display of a behavior and the intensity of the behavior if displayed. All behavior is, according to this definition, caused and controlled by motivation. Although the concept of motivation eventually could be replaced by an...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The following paper on the molecular biology of Barrett's esophagus (BE) includes commentaries on signaling pathways central to the development of BE including Hh, NF-κB, and IL-6/STAT3; surgical approaches for esophagectomy and classification of lesions by appropriate therapy; the debate over the merits of minimally ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate DNA under- and overwinding, knotting, and tangling. Beyond their critical physiological functions, these enzymes are the targets for some of the most widely prescribed anticancer drugs (topoisomerase II poisons) in clinical use. Topoisomerase II poisons kill c...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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abstract::The possible role of the cerebellum for the control of saccades and gaze holding is reconsidered using a computational modeling approach. As suggested by previous research, control of gaze holding is assumed to be enhanced by the floccular lobe, whereas control of the saccadic pulse is governed by the oculomotor vermi...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least twenty-two architectonic areas can be distinguished within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC). Although each of these areas has a distinct structure and connections, they can be grouped into two "networks," defined by cortico-cortical connections that primarily interconnect areas within each net...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:1999-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::Risk factors for esophageal cancer include genetic factors (such as tylosis) and infectious agents. A variety of organisms have been implicated in esophageal carcinogenesis, either directly or indirectly. In this review, we explore the normal esophageal flora and how it may be controlled, and also the variety of organ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many scientific and technical applications, a three-dimensional (3D) object must be reconstructed, either to assist in understanding the object's structure or to ease its automatic handling and analysis. Volume reconstruction has been used in health care to diagnose, simulate, facilitate surgical planning, develop ...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence indicates that several mechanisms, associated or not with antioxidant actions, are involved in the effects of flavonoids on health. Flavonoid-rich beverages, foods, and extracts, as well as pure flavonoids are studied for the prevention and/or amelioration of metabolic syndrome (MS) and MS-associat...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the only technology affording three-dimensional measurement of the brain's energy metabolism which is closely coupled to brain function. Studies of glucose metabolism by PET of (18F)-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose are therefore widely applied to show the contribution of vari...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb00192.x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study describes the features of the marginal zone (MZ) B cells of human tonsils and spleens and compares them with those of the follicular mantle (FM) B cells from the same tissues. The two B cell subpopulations displayed marked differences in phenotype, in response capacity to T cell-independent antigens and pol...
journal_title:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb06039.x
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00