Abstract:
:The relationship between psychological and biological processes is examined. Criteria for the distinction between reasons and causes are described. These provide a basis for a separation of those mental states and behaviour that can be explained in a reductionist fashion, and those that are not reducible. The proposed conceptual framework has clinical and research implications.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Hill Jdoi
10.1017/s0033291700055604subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-08-01 00:00:00pages
501-14issue
3eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We measured multiple dimensions of distress among spouses (N = 440) of patients hospitalized for serious illness or elective surgery and compared the course of distress over 2 years of follow-up among five groups according to whether and when spouses were bereaved. Distress was related to the severity of the patient's...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700029019
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent condition and a risk factor for developing a major depressive episode. Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy may be a promising approach for the treatment of subthreshold depression. The current study had two aims: (1) to determine whether an internet-based ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000542
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individuals with depression are often found to perform worse on cognitive tests and to have an increased risk of dementia. The causes and the direction of these associations are however not well understood. We looked at two specific hypotheses, the aetiological risk factor hypothesis and the reverse causalit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003037
更新日期:2020-09-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Retrospective studies have consistently indicated an association between maladaptive parenting and borderline personality disorder (BPD). This requires corroboration with prospective, longitudinal designs. We investigated the association between suboptimal parenting and parent conflict in childhood and BPD s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712000542
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Levinger & Clarke (1961) found that subjects tended to forget more word associations to emotional rather than neutral words. Kline (1981) regarded this study as providing 'irrefutable evidence for the Freudian concept of repression'. On the other hand, results from Kleinsmith & Kaplan (1964) suggested that this effect...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700017669
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Improving the quality of mental health care requires integrating successful research interventions into 'real-world' practice settings. Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management (CALM) is a treatment-delivery model for anxiety disorders encountered in primary care. CALM offers cognitive behavioral therapy ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002893
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Generalized anxiety disorder is a common condition of excessive worry and tension which tends to run a chronic course associated with significant psychiatric and medical problems. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be of clinical value in about 50% of cases with treatment gains maintained ov...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291702007079
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Research suggests that the personality factor of self-critical or maladaptive perfectionism may be implicated in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). However, it is not clear whether self-critical perfectionism (SCP) also predicts daily symptoms in CFS. Method In the present study we investigated whether SCP pred...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291712001936
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study seeks to clarify the contribution of temporally stable and occasion-specific genetic and environmental influences on risk for major depression (MD). METHOD:Our sample was 2153 members of female-female twin pairs from the Virginia Twin Registry. We examined four personal interview waves conducted ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291717000277
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although accurate differentiation between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, the distinction is often challenging based on clinical grounds alone. In this study, we tested whether psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRSs) i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329172000015X
更新日期:2020-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::A two-stage psychiatric survey of a random samples of adults aged 18-64 from Camberwell is described. Agency interviewers carried out the first stage (N = 800), using the shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE). MRC interviewers, using the full PSE, saw a stratified sample of these (N = 310) in the second ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700052879
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increase in plasma prolactin which follows intravenous administration of L-tryptophan (LTP) was used to assess changes in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) function in normal male and female subjects, following a three week period of dieting. In women, but not men, there was a marked increase in the prolactin respo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700000635
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Euthanasia and assisted suicide (EAS) based on a psychiatric disorder (psychiatric EAS) continue to pose ethical and policy challenges, even in countries where the practice has been allowed for years. We conducted a systematic review of reasons, a specific type of review for bioethical questions designed to ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720001543
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals with high and low susceptibility to hypnosis were compared in a baseline condition and after instructions of hypnosis on tests of anterior left and right hemispheric functions--word fluency to letter categories, word fluency to semantic categories, design fluency and bilateral finger tapping dexterity. Wit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700038885
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were compared with assaultive behaviour by 46 psychiatric patients. Significant relationships were found between CPK level and violent behaviour prior to admission and CPK level and seclusion as a danger to others while in hospital. No relationship was found between CPK level ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700003275
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examination of moment-to-moment, 'micro-level' patterns of experience and behaviour using experience sampling methodology has contributed to our understanding of the 'macro-level' development of full-blown symptoms and disorders. This paper argues that the micro-level perspective can be used to identify the smalle...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001979
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An entire population of 32 patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) in their own homes were ranked according to their present mental state as assessed by a standardized semi-structured interview. The point-prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 31% which compares closely with that of patients attending a general ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700032062
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made little impact on the diagnosis and monitoring of psychoses in individual patients. In this study, we used a support vector machine (SVM) whole-brain classification approach to predict future illness course at the individual level from MRI data obtained at th...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711002005
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The atypical processing of eye contact is a characteristic hallmark of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The severity of these symptoms, however, is thought to lie on a continuum that extends into the typical population. While behavioural evidence shows that differences in social cognitive tasks in typically d...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718001630
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking is associated with worse cognition and decreased cortical volume and thickness in healthy cohorts. Chronic cigarette smoking is prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but the effects of smoking status on the brain and cognition in SSD are not clear. This study aimed to underst...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720005152
更新日期:2021-01-14 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pharmacological treatments targeting the neuroendocrine stress response may hold special promise in secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, findings from clinical trials have been inconsistent and the efficacy of specific drugs, their temporal window of efficacy, effective dose...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001028
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tests that have been used to assess glomerular and tubular function in patients receiving treatment with lithium have been reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of these are discussed. The most useful tests are the creatinine clearance, which may be predicted from the serum creatinine using a formula or nomog...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several case reports and reviews have suggested an increased incidence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder among persons with sex chromosome aneuploidies, but this observation may have been caused by biased sampling. METHODS:The 1122 individuals with sex chromosome aneuploidies registered in the Danish Cyt...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291701003476
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Depression has been associated with abnormalities in neural underpinnings of Reward Learning (RL). However, inconsistencies have emerged, possibly owing to medication effects. Additionally, it remains unclear how neural RL signals relate to real-life behaviour. The current study, therefore, examined neural R...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291718003446
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bullying victimization is a topic of concern for youths, parents, school staff and mental health practitioners. Children and adolescents who are victimized by bullies show signs of distress and adjustment problems. However, it is not clear whether bullying is the source of these difficulties. This paper reviews empiri...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291709991383
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expressed emotion (EE) measure is a robust predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. At least twelve studies from a range of cultures have now shown this, although the authors of one maintain their findings are the result of confounding factors. A thirteenth study which failed to demonstrate a predictive effect was s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700009831
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort. METHOD:Participants...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S0033291708004078
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than normals. We examined the relationship between IGT and clinical phenotypes or cognitive deficits in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHOD:A total o...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716001902
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The role of antidepressant medications in bipolar depression remains controversial, mainly due to a lack of research in this area. In this study the authors examined the episode length in bipolar depression and the relationship between antidepressant therapy and episode length. METHOD:A retrospective chart ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291702006165
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Subjects at 'ultra high risk' (UHR) for developing psychosis have differences in white matter (WM) compared with healthy controls. WM integrity has not yet been investigated in UHR subjects in relation to the development of subsequent psychosis. Hence, we investigated a prospective cohort of UHR subjects com...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291709991711
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00