Abstract:
:The fundamental problems in population monitoring for genetic effects are twofold: the binomialized nature of the data and the lower power due to small risk of finding positive results. The binomial character is artificial, even forced, and can with advantage be replaced by more refined analysis, and by a focus on all mutations, not merely harmful ones. Moreover, a binomial treatment ignores accessory information (birth order, clustering, etc.). But this objective requires that an explicit model be used instead of nonparametric methods; a cancer may represent multiple independent hits that should be separately scored; sequencing of a codon or its product may show multiple distinct changes.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Murphy EAdoi
10.1289/ehp.8142127subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-12-01 00:00:00pages
127-36eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in the United States. Although the toxicity of chlorpyrifos has been extensively studied in animals, the epidemiologic data are limited. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether agricultural chlorpyrifos exposure was associated with mortality, we...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9662
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The upward trend in industrial nations in the incidence of male genitourinary (GU) conditions may be attributed to increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), a brominated flame retardant, is one such suspected endocrine disruptor. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the relationship be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0800058
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61419
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metallothionein from livers of mice was isolated by gel chromatography and isoelectric focusing. One of two forms thus obtained contained 32 percent cysteine. This form, labeled in vitro with 109Cd, was injected intravenously in mice, and the distribution of 109Cd was studied. Animals killed after 4 hrs had over 80 pe...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7512103
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we evaluated the impact of long-term occupational exposure to elemental mercury vapor (Hg0) on the personality traits of ex-mercury miners. Study groups included 53 ex-miners previously exposed to Hg0 and 53 age-matched controls. Miners and controls completed the self-reporting Eysenck Personality Quest...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7863
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) cause a mixed-type (phenobarbital- plus 3-methylcholanthrene-like) induction of liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. However, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl and 2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptabromobiphenyl, which together comprise less than 80% of PBBs (FireMaster), were shown t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7823159
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traffic noise has been associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Potential modes of action are through stress and sleep disturbance, which may lead to endocrine dysregulation and overweight. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate the relationship between residential traffic and railway noise and a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409052
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans....
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.102-1567497
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured tumor-associated proteins (TAPs) and pollutants in blood, serum, and urine of 200 nonsmoking women 50-65 years of age, residing in the rural municipality of Peer or in Hoboken or Wilrijk, industrial suburbs of Antwerp, Belgium. Persons with occupational exposures or commuting to other towns were excluded. ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8811
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several organophosphate and organochlorine compounds, including pesticides commonly found in the Great Lakes basin, have the potential to induce immunotoxicity. Because of biomagnification and accumulation in the food chain, Great Lakes residents may inadvertently be exposed to these compounds and thus face increased ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s955
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientists at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington, have developed a unique imaging system capable of focusing on a single living cell within an organism. This new technology will be used in what the multidisciplinary team has termed a "cellular observatory" to study the effect of environmenta...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107a566
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the fall of 1976 Congress enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, commonly referred to as RCRA. The objective of the statute is to create an orderly system for the generation, handling and disposal of hazardous waste by means of a comprehensive tracking and record keeping mechanism. RCRA does not regula...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.834819
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Humans have been exposed to fine and ultrafine particles throughout their history. Since the Industrial Revolution, sources, doses, and types of nanoparticles have changed dramatically. In the last decade, the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology has led to an increase of engineered nanoparticles with ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901200
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicity testing in AS52 cells (24-hr exposures) gave LC50 values of 2 to 130 micrograms Ni/ml for particulate nickel compounds and 45 to 60 micrograms Ni/ml for water-soluble salts (NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni(CH3COO)2). The Ni(OH)2, NiCO3, and sulfides (Ni3S2, Ni7S6, "amorphous NiS") exhibited similar toxicities (LC50's of 2 t...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s369
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the association between biomarkers of fetal exposure to cigarette smoke at the end of pregnancy, cotinine in cord serum and in maternal and newborn urine samples, and quantitative measurement of smoking intake and exposure evaluated by maternal self-reported questionnaire. Study subjects were 4...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.001081079
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial epidemiology is the description and analysis of geographic variations in disease with respect to demographic, environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic, genetic, and infectious risk factors. We focus on small-area analyses, encompassing disease mapping, geographic correlation studies, disease clusters, and clus...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6735
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three to 4 million children and adolescents in the United States live within 1 mile of a federally designated Superfund hazardous waste disposal site and are at risk of exposure to chemical toxicants released from these sites into air, groundwater, surface water, and surrounding communities. Because of their patterns ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The instrumentation and practical circuitry required for the detection of negative ions exiting the mass analysis section of a mass spectrometer is examined. The potentials needed to bias the electron multiplier when detecting negative ions from a low ion-energy mass spectrometer, e.g., a quadrupole, are contrasted wi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.803697
更新日期:1980-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth of the bulbar conjunctiva and underlying subconjunctival tissue that may cause blindness. The mechanism of pterygium formation is not yet fully understood, but pterygium has some tumorlike features. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association be...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11111
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inspection of the available literature reveals that a detailed investigation of the aqueous organic chemistry of chlorine dioxide and systematic identification of products formed during water disinfection has not been considered. This must be done before an informed assessment can be made of the relative safety of usi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8246101
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and i...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s7113
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We evaluated predictors of plasma concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a group of 240 women, controls from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the Nurses' Health Study. We considered personal at...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9910775
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103276
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phthalate acid esters (PAEs), and, in particular, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its monoester, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), can adversely affect rodent testes but only at high doses. Rat gonadal zinc levels can be decreased by the injection of DEHP, but not MEHP. The rat prostate gland seems to be part...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.824585
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Animal feeding practices in the United States have changed considerably over the past century. As large-scale, concentrated production methods have become the predominant model for animal husbandry, animal feeds have been modified to include ingredients ranging from rendered animals and animal waste to antibi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9760
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of our previous and recent work on cadmium metabolism in relation to age and diet are presented. Experiments were performed on albino rats aged 1-26 weeks. In some experiments rats were given different foods (milk, meat, bread) instead of standard rat diet. Some animals received trisodium calcium salt of d...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.845451
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may affect body mass index (BMI) and other components of cardiometabolic (CM) risk during childhood, but evidence is scarce and inconsistent. OBJECTIVES:We estimated associations between prenatal PFAS exposures and outcomes relevant to cardiometabolic risk, including a compo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP1330
更新日期:2017-09-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arsenicals (roxarsone and nitarsone) used in poultry production likely increase inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and roxarsone or nitarsone concentrations in poultry meat. However, the association between poultry intake and exposure to these arsenic species, ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP351
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the fate of 14C-labeled vinyl chloride (VC) following oral administration and inhalation exposure in rats demonstrated that the disposition of VC in the body is a function of the dose. More importantly, from the data available, it appears that a correlation exists between doses of VC which cause tumors and ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7617145
更新日期:1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extreme heat events (EHEs) are increasing in frequency in large U.S. cities and are responsible for a greater annual number of climate-related fatalities, on average, than any other form of extreme weather. In addition, low-density, sprawling patterns of urban development have been associated with enhanced s...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0901879
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00