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What do we feed to food-production animals? A review of animal feed ingredients and their potential impacts on human health.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVE:Animal feeding practices in the United States have changed considerably over the past century. As large-scale, concentrated production methods have become the predominant model for animal husbandry, animal feeds have been modified to include ingredients ranging from rendered animals and animal waste to antibiotics and organoarsenicals. In this article we review current U.S. animal feeding practices and etiologic agents that have been detected in animal feed. Evidence that current feeding practices may lead to adverse human health impacts is also evaluated. DATA SOURCES:We reviewed published veterinary and human-health literature regarding animal feeding practices, etiologic agents present in feed, and human health effects along with proceedings from animal feed workshops. DATA EXTRACTION:Data were extracted from peer-reviewed articles and books identified using PubMed, Agricola, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Drug Administration, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases. DATA SYNTHESIS:Findings emphasize that current animal feeding practices can result in the presence of bacteria, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, prions, arsenicals, and dioxins in feed and animal-based food products. Despite a range of potential human health impacts that could ensue, there are significant data gaps that prevent comprehensive assessments of human health risks associated with animal feed. Limited data are collected at the federal or state level concerning the amounts of specific ingredients used in animal feed, and there are insufficient surveillance systems to monitor etiologic agents "from farm to fork." CONCLUSIONS:Increased funding for integrated veterinary and human health surveillance systems and increased collaboration among feed professionals, animal producers, and veterinary and public health officials is necessary to effectively address these issues.

journal_name

Environ Health Perspect

journal_title

Environmental health perspectives

authors

Sapkota AR,Lefferts LY,McKenzie S,Walker P

doi

10.1289/ehp.9760

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-05-01 00:00:00

pages

663-70

issue

eissn

0091-6765

issn

1552-9924

journal_volume

115

pub_type

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What do we feed to food-production animals? A review of animal feed ingredients and their potential impacts on human health.