Abstract：
:Ethene is, on a molar basis, a major urban air pollutant. It has been shown beyond doubt that a fraction of inhaled ethene is metabolized in mammals (including humans) via ethylene oxide, an electrophilic reagent that has been shown to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. To the extent that the linearity hypothesis for dose-response relationships at low levels is accepted, exposure to ethene is therefore expected to lead to a risk increment. In order to judge whether ethene as a single compound should be considered a risk factor, it has to be evaluated whether this risk increment is negligibly small or of concern to individuals or societies. The magnitude of the cancer risk from ethene cannot be inferred from animal experiments. Because of saturation of the metabolism of ethene, sufficient statistical power cannot be attained in long-term animal tests with about 100 animals per dose. By application of the radiation-dose equivalent of the unit of target dose of ethylene oxide and using the best (although still uncertain) value for the conversion factor (about 5%), exposure to 10 ppb ethene--a level occurring in urban areas--is expected to lead to a lifetime risk of cancer death amounting to approximately 70 per 100,000. According to a recent estimate the average exposure in Sweden to ethene is some six times lower. These figures are uncertain by a factor of at least three. They indicate ethene to be a risk factor of concern.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Törnqvist Mdoi
10.1289/ehp.102-1566931subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-10-01 00:00:00pages
157-60eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
102 Suppl 4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Surface IR (infrared) modes of crystalline and fumed (amorphous) silica particles, calcined at temperatures up to 1095 degrees C, have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ability of these same particles to lyse cells has been measured by a hemolysis protocol. The untreated crystalline and amor...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.9086327
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A follow-up study of capacitor manufacturing workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their children was conducted since 1973. PCB levels in whole blood of workers as well as in breast milk of the exposed lactating mothers were approximately 10 to 100 times those of nonexposed Japanese. Blood PCB levels...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.59-1568101
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated predictors of plasma concentrations of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), a metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in a group of 240 women, controls from a breast cancer case-control study nested in the Nurses' Health Study. We considered personal at...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.9910775
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using data from published studies, lung concentrations of nickel were compare for persons with and without occupational exposure to nickel. As expected, the concentrations were much higher for persons with occupational exposure. To estimate the effects of nickel-containing tobacco smoke and nickel in the ambient air o...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8981221
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding the potential links between extreme weather events and human health in India is important in the context of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. Research exploring such linkages in India is sparse. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation and gastrointes...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1306807
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human controlled-exposure studies have assessed the impact of ambient fine particulate matter on cardiac autonomic function measured by heart rate variability (HRV), but whether these effects are modified by concomitant ozone exposure remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:In this study we assessed the impact of O(3) a...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1289/ehp.0900541
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze the generation of reactive species capable of binding with cellular macromolecules, leading to acute and delayed toxicity. Since individual CYP forms differ markedly in their substrate preferences and regulation, the expression profiles of CYP in various cell types are important ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.97105s4767
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human DNA adduct formation (covalent modification of DNA with chemical carcinogens) is a promising biomarker for elucidating the molecular epidemiology of cancer. Classes of compounds for which human DNA adducts have been observed include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrosamines, mycotoxins, aromatic amin...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.96104s5883
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The industrial accident that occurred in the town of Seveso, Italy, in 1976 exposed a large population to substantial amounts of relatively pure 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Extensive monitoring of soil levels and measurements of a limited number of human blood samples allowed classification of the exposed pop...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.98106625
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many instances pharmacokinetic modeling offers the best method of interpreting the significance to man of results obtained with laboratory animals but first we must have accurate models for our laboratory animals. A physiological pharmacokinetic model has been used to simulate the disposition of polychlorinated bip...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7720257
更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New technologies and methods for assessing human exposure to chemicals, dietary and lifestyle factors, infectious agents, and other stressors provide an opportunity to extend the range of human health investigations and advance our understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and disease. An ad hoc...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.7651
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) increases mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) subtype activity, which influences lipid metabolism. Because cholesterol is the substrate from which testosterone is synthesized, exposure to...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1408847
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Pentachlorophenol, a fungicide widely used as a wood preservative, was classified in 1999 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible human carcinogen. We reviewed currently available data to determine the extent to which recent studies assist in distinguishing the effect of pentachloroph...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.11081
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a need to identify specific biological indicator(s) of cadmium exposure so that the renal damage can be prevented. Towards this end, we have examined the usefulness of urinary metallothionein as an indicator of cadmium body burden. It is found that, in both animals and humans, urinary metallothionein level is...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8454171
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We estimated the disease burden from water, sanitation, and hygiene at the global level taking into account various disease outcomes, principally diarrheal diseases. The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) combines the burden from death and disability in a single index and permits the comparison of the burden from wa...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.110-1240845
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hormonally active environmental agents have been measured among U.S. children using exposure biomarkers in urine. However, little is known about their variation by race, age, sex, and geography, and no data exist for newly developed biomarkers. OBJECTIVE:Our goal was to characterize relevant, prevalent expo...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.9488
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationshi...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1408596
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The toxicity of many xenobiotic compounds is believed to involve oxidative injury to cells. Direct assessment of mechanistic events involved in xenobiotic-induced oxidative stress is not easily achievable. Development of genetically encoded probes designed for monitoring intracellular redox changes represent...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1206039
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken to explore the effects of chronic low-level cadmium ingestion in Dahl hypertension-resistant (R) and hypertension-sensitive (S) lines of rats. Groups of weanling female R and S rats were given 0 or 1 mg cadmium/1. in drinking water and fed either a low salt (0.4% NaCl) or a high salt (4% NaCl...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.7928261
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present a pilot study of individuals (liquidators) who were engaged in clean-up operations after the disaster at the nuclear power plant at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In the 10 years since the disaster, adverse health effects among exposed individuals have not been clearly defined. There is widespread fear of damage to ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.97105s61445
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment. Case reports have suggested that maternal exposure to high levels of Tl during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight (LBW), but epidemiological data are limited. OBJECTIVES:This study was designed to evaluate whether pren...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1409202
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many assays for oncogenic transformation have been developed ranging from those in established rodent cell lines where morphological alteration is scored, to those in human cells growing in nude mice where tumor invasiveness is scored. In general, systems that are most quantitative are also the least relevant in terms...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.9088149
更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Monoterpenes are found in the essential oils of many plants including fruits, vegetables, and herbs. They prevent the carcinogenesis process at both the initiation and promotion/progression stages. In addition, monoterpenes are effective in treating early and advanced cancers. Monoterpenes such as limonene and perilly...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.97105s4977
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A stratified version of nested case-control sampling which we call "countermatching" is presented. This design uses data available for all cohort members to obtain a sample for collecting additional information in a case-control substudy. Hitherto the only stratified sampling design for such studies has involved match...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.94102s847
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs), a potent oxidative stressor, causes various dermal disorders, including hyperkeratosis and skin cancer. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 1 (NRF1, also called NFE2L1) plays a critical role in regulating the expression of many antioxidant response element (AR...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.1002304
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemicals, including commonly used drugs (e.g., penicillin, meprobamate, pyridium, and mercaptomerin) penetrate and persist for some time in the ovarian follicular fluid at concentrations approximately similar to that of the serum. Information as to the penetration of chemicals into the granulosa cells and into the oo...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.782425
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free-radical metabolites can be generated metabolically by a one-electron reductase-catalyzed reaction or a "peroxidase" catalyzed oxidation or by photoactivation of a wide variety of aromatic xenobiotics. Radicals may also be generated during lipid peroxidation. Some radicals can react with DNA or bind covalently or ...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.8564219
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The available data on the influence of selenium on the toxicity of methylmercury and of methylmercury on selenium as a nutrient and toxic agent are reviewed. Selenium as selenite has a relative protective effect on acute and subacute toxicity of methylmercury in the rat and the quail. The protective mechanism is far f...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1289/ehp.782557
更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Groundwater pollution has become a worrisome phenomenon, mainly for aquifers underlying industrialized areas. In order to evaluate the risk of pollution, a model of the aquifer is needed. Herewith, we describe a quasi-tridimensional model, which we applied to a multilayered aquifer where a phreatic aquifer was coupled...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.898377
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although acute adverse effects on asthma have been frequently found for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's principal criteria air pollutants, there is little epidemiologic information on specific hydrocarbons from toxic emission sources. We conducted a panel study of 22 Hispanic children with asthma who were 1...
journal_title：Environmental health perspectives
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1289/ehp.5992
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
