Abstract:
:Many substances are active in in vitro tests for estrogenic activity, but data from multigenerational and other toxicity studies are not available for many of those substances. Controversy has arisen, therefore, concerning the likelihood of adverse health effects. Based on a toxic equivalence factor risk assessment approach, some researchers have concluded that exposure to environmental estrogens is not associated with estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated health effects. Their rationale cites the low potency of these compounds in in vitro assays relative to estradiol, and the widespread exposure to pharmaceutical, endogenous, and dietary estrogens. This reasoning relies on two assumptions: that the relative estrogenic potency in in vitro assays is predictive of the relative potency for the most sensitive in vivo estrogenic effect; and that all estrogens act via the same mechanism to produce the most sensitive in vivo estrogenic effect. Experimental data reviewed here suggest that these assumptions may be inappropriate because diversity in both mechanism and effect exists for estrogenic compounds. Examples include variations in ER-ligand binding to estrogen response elements, time course of nuclear ER accumulation, patterns of gene activation, and other mechanistic characteristics that are not reflected in many in vitro assays, but may have significance for ER-mediated in vivo effects. In light of these data, this report identifies emerging methodological issues in risk assessment for estrogenic compounds: the need to address differences in in vivo end points of concern and the associated mechanisms; pharmacokinetics; the crucial role of timing and duration of exposure; interactions; and non-ER-mediated activities of estrogenic compounds.
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Rudel Rdoi
10.1289/ehp.97105s3655subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-04-01 00:00:00pages
655-63eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
105 Suppl 3pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The populations of the developed nations of the world exhibit an increase in blood pressure with age, while in primitive societies blood pressure remains relatively constant throughout adult life. Hypertension may be a complex of diseases all having the same clinical manifestations but not being caused necessarily by ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792935
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carcinogenic properties of selected metals and their compounds are reviewed to provide a useful reference for existing knowledge on relationships between physical and chemical forms, kinetics and carcinogenic potential and between epidemiology, bioassays, and short-term tests. Extensive consideration is given to a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.9195157
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Phthalates, known endocrine disruptors, may play a role in breast carcinogenesis. Few studies have examined phthalates in relation to breast cancer (BC), and, to our knowledge, none have considered survival following BC. OBJECTIVES:We examined 11 urinary phthalate metabolites, individually and as molar sum ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP2083
更新日期:2018-04-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to arsenic via drinking water is a global environmental health problem. In utero exposure to arsenic via drinking water increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections during infancy and mortality from bronchiectasis in early adulthood. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to investigate how arsenic exposu...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1205590
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dietary components express a wide range of activities that can affect carcinogenesis. Naturally occurring substances in foods have been shown in laboratory experiments to serve as dietary antimutagens, either as bioantimutagens or as desmutagens. Dietary desmutagens may function as chemical inactivaters, enzymatic ind...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s8177
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human fibroblasts (HFW) were 10-fold more susceptible than Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells to sodium arsenite. Comparison of cellular antioxidant enzyme activities showed that CHO-K1 cells contained 3- and 8-fold more glutathione-peroxidase and catalase activities, respectively, than HFW cells. Since vitamin E, m...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s3101
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide range of chemicals with diverse structures derived from plant and environmental origins are reported to have hormonal activity. The potential for appreciable exposure of humans to such substances prompts the need to develop sensitive screening methods to quantitate and evaluate the risk to the public. Yeast cel...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105734
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of DNA base sequence alterations have shown that for every agent the mutagenic process is specific with respect to the types of base changes induced and the location of the changes in the DNA. Analysis of the types of mutations produced by mutagenic agents can provide insight into the mechanism of mutation and...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8562157
更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Techniques are available to minimize the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Filtration research conducted at locations on Lake Superior and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington has shown that amphibole and chrysotile fibers can be removed by granular media filtration. Removal percentages can exceed ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8353169
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical use of polymeric materials in the body to repair and restore damaged or diseased tissues and organs is substantially increasing on an annual basis. Concomitant with this use is an increase in materials related research on medically used polymers. Information on the historical and current clinical use of p...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.751171
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from national surveys suggest that everyone in the United States is exposed to perchlorate. At high doses, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate inhibit iodide uptake into the thyroid and decrease thyroid hormone production. Small changes in thyroid hormones during pregnancy, including changes withi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409614
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Sertoli cell is the primary target for FSH action in the mammalian testis. These cells contain the majority of testicular plasma membrane receptors for this hormone. Receptor occupancy is directly correlated with a stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and a decrease in the activity of a cytoplasmic Ca++-sensitive cAMP ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.81385
更新日期:1981-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The X-ray crystallographic structural determinations of synthetic estrogens and antiestrogens provide reliable information on the global minimum energy conformation of these molecules or a local minimum energy conformation that is within 1 or 2 kcal/mole of the global minimum. In favorable cases, state-of-the-art mole...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8561111
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Noise exposure causes changes at different levels in human organs, particularly the cardiovascular system, where it is responsible for increasing heart rate, peripheral vascular resistance, and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated the effect of noise exposure on DNA integrity and ultrastructure of rat cardiomyo...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5847
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asbestos and silica are well-known fibrogenic dusts. However, there is no comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular events that lead to fibrosis as a consequence of asbestos or silica inhalation. Previous studies have shown that asbestos stimulates superoxide anion production in alveolar macrophages th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94102s1069
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although most people are thought to receive their highest acute exposures to gasoline while refueling, relatively little is actually known about personal, nonoccupational exposures to gasoline during refueling activities. This study was designed to measure exposures associated with the use of an oxygenated fuel under ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.97105850
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic particulate matter in foods and drugs is discussed from the standpoint of determination by optical microscopy, source, and regulatory significance. Some particulate matter may be generated as extraneous material and traced to specific operational practices during processing and production with excessive leve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.749183
更新日期:1974-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A brief history of the development of the field of aquatic toxicology is provided. In order to provide a perspective on the state-of-the-art in aquatic toxicology relative to classical toxicology, the two fields are compared from the standpoint of the type of scientist practicing each field, the respective objectives ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8034159
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Drinking water contamination related to the use of aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been documented at hundreds of military bases, airports, and firefighter training facilities. AFFF has historically contained high levels of long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which pose serious health...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/EHP6470
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of occupational factors on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Few studies fulfill the criteria of good study design because of small sample size, insensitive measures of effect, selection, recall, and observation bias, weak if any control of co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s281
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past decade much information has been published on the analysis of organics extracted from treated water. Certain of these organics have been shown to be by-products of the chlorination disinfection process and to possess harmful effects at high concentrations. This has resulted in increased interest in alter...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.824687
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitroaromatic compounds, ArNO2 have widespread actual or potential use in medicine and cancer therapy. There is direct proof that free-radical metabolites are involved in many applications, and an appreciation of the conceptual basis for their therapeutic differential; however, an understanding of the detailed mechani...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8564309
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once a sign of modernization and growth, dams are often seen today as symbols of environmental and social devastation. Over 800,000 dams have been built worldwide to provide drinking water, flood control, hydropower, irrigation, navigation, and water storage. Dams do indeed provide these things,but at the cost of seve...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.971051050
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In many instances pharmacokinetic modeling offers the best method of interpreting the significance to man of results obtained with laboratory animals but first we must have accurate models for our laboratory animals. A physiological pharmacokinetic model has been used to simulate the disposition of polychlorinated bip...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7720257
更新日期:1977-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Residents living in communities near Superfund sites have expressed concern that releases from these facilities affect their health, including adverse effects on their immune systems. We used data from six cross-sectional studies to evaluate whether people who live near several Superfund sites are more likely to have ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8946
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were given 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 mg of a commercial polybrominated biphenyl, FireMaster BP-6 (PBB), in olive oil by gavage each day from days 7 through 15 of pregnancy. Laboratory chow and water were given ad libitum. Treatment with PBB had no significant effect on body weight gain, f...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7823295
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previously, we showed that diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) suppressed pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes (Listeria) and inhibited the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages and their response to Listeria in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-12. In this report we exa...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.5709
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Under a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo (USP), a study is ongoing in Cubatao, Brazil, to try to establish exposure-response relationships on the impact of specific industrial effluents on respiratory functi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.94-1567962
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Understanding the potential links between extreme weather events and human health in India is important in the context of vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. Research exploring such linkages in India is sparse. OBJECTIVES:We evaluated the association between extreme precipitation and gastrointes...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1306807
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Millions of individuals worldwide, particularly those living in rural and developing areas, are exposed to harmful levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in their drinking water. Inorganic As exposure during key developmental periods is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including those that are...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1409360
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00