Abstract:
:Under a cooperative agreement between New York University and the Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the University of Sao Paulo (USP), a study is ongoing in Cubatao, Brazil, to try to establish exposure-response relationships on the impact of specific industrial effluents on respiratory function in school-age children. Cubatao, located on the coast about 44 km from the city of Sao Paulo, is surrounded by U-shaped mountains (approximately 800 m) covered with subtropical forests. Its area is approximately 160 km2, and it has a population of approximately 90,000. The geography is such that it causes a consistent diurnal land-sea breeze pattern and the opposite during the night, with low dispersion of the air pollutants. In a small area (approximately 40 km2) against the mountains there is a concentration of over 20 large plants: oil refinery; iron and steel mill; fertilizer, cement, and gypsum production; coke kilns; and chemical, paint, and many other ancillary plants. During the 1988 school year, March through June, August through November, 600 six-year-old children, attending six different kindergarten schools, underwent monthly spirometry tests. Because the children live within a 500 m radius of their school, pollution monitors were located on each of the six schools. Particles were collected using dichotomous stacked filter units placed on 20 m towers to reduce the influence of dust from unpaved roads. The units use different pore size filters for coarse, 2 to 10 microns, and fine particles, (dp) less than 2 microns, and took separate samples for day and nighttime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
Environ Health Perspectjournal_title
Environmental health perspectivesauthors
Spektor DM,Hofmeister VA,Artaxo P,Brague JA,Echelar F,Nogueira DP,Hayes C,Thurston GD,Lippmann Mdoi
10.1289/ehp.94-1567962subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-08-01 00:00:00pages
51-4eissn
0091-6765issn
1552-9924journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The articles in this monograph focus on the mechanisms whereby ambient particulate matter (PM) and co-pollutants deposited in the respiratory tract cause cardiovascular and systemic effects, especially in persons with preexisting conditions such as allergic hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary, cardiac, and vascular dise...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.01109s4479
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, a number of guinea pig tests have been used to identify human contact allergens in workplace and consumer products, but these tests have limitations. In addition to using large numbers of test animals, they also provide only subjective measurements, because the allergic activity is measured by watching th...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 新闻
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106a488
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic scleroderma are autoimmune diseases thought to have an exogenous trigger. This review summarizes relevant case-control and cohort studies that investigated exogenous sex hormones, silica, silicone, solvents, pesticides, mercuric chloride, and hair dyes as putative risk factors...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.99107s5743
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) may affect fetal growth; however, prior research often lacked assessment of mercury speciation, confounders, and interactions. OBJECTIVE:Our objective was to assess the relationship between MeHg and fetal growth as well as the potential for confounding or interaction of this relationshi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.1408596
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cohort studies in North America and western Europe have reported increased risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), but to date, no such studies have been reported in China, where higher levels of exposure are experienced. OBJECTIVES:We estimated the association betwee...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
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doi:10.1289/EHP1673
更新日期:2017-11-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.104-1469505
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Widespread and persistent organochlorine (OC) contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides, are known to have broad-ranging toxicities in wildlife. In this study we investigated, for the first time, their possible health effects on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Nonlethal fat biopsi...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8057
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with predictive models for metal toxicity. Modelings of published data were done under the simplifying assumption that intermetal trends in toxicity reflect relative metal-ligand complex stabilities. This idea has been invoked successfully since 1904 but has yet to be applied...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61419
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.59-1568074
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.7930185
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.95103s2157
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.792935
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of structure-activity relationships and molecular mechanisms of action are fundamental to our understanding of the harmful effects of chemicals on the environment and their more direct effects on human health. It is important to identify factors that determine toxicological effects of foreign chemicals in biol...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.85615
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central feature of hemopoiesis is life-long, stable cell renewal. This process is supported by hemopoietic stem cells which, in the steady state, appear to be dormant in cell cycling. The entry into cell cycle of the dormant stem cells may be promoted by such factors as interleukin-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and gra...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8980199
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship of fine particulate matter < 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)) air pollution with mortality and cardiovascular disease is well established, with more recent long-term studies reporting larger effect sizes than earlier long-term studies. Some studies have suggested the coarse fraction, particl...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.0900572
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following our first report on elevated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in California women, we expanded our investigation to include diverse groups of local women. We analyzed additional adipose and serum samples collected in the late 1990s from San Francisco Bay Area women participating in a breas...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.6220
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.761855
更新日期:1976-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8568
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Widespread residential pesticide use throughout the United States has resulted in ubiquitous, low-level pesticide exposure. The mix of active pesticide ingredients is changing in response to 2000-2001 regulations restricting use of the organophosphorus insecticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. OBJECTIVES:We a...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.11367
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elucidation of the role of vinyl chloride metabolites in the various reaction sequences which comprise the metabolic pathway, including the interaction of reactive metabolities with some purine and pyrimidine residues of target-organ DNA, provides some explanation for the (oncogenic) properties associated with the ori...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.772155
更新日期:1977-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in construction materials, such as caulking used around windows and expansion joints, may constitute a source of PCB contamination in the building interiors and in surrounding soil. Several studies of soil contamination have been conducted around buildings where the caulking ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9646
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Methylmercury (MeHg) is a known neuro-toxicant. Emerging evidence indicates it may have adverse effects on the neuro-logic and other body systems at common low levels of exposure. Impacts of MeHg exposure could vary by individual susceptibility or be confounded by beneficial nutrients in fish containing MeHg...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative analysis was performed of the phenotype and function of peripheral blood leukocytes of two age-matched cohorts of industrial workers in chemical plants, one of which was exposed occupationally to high concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Median actual TCDD burdens were 116 ng/kg ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.98106701
更新日期:1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marriage of toxicology and genomics has created not only opportunities but also novel informatics challenges. As with the larger field of gene expression analysis, toxicogenomics faces the problems of probe annotation and data comparison across different array platforms. Toxicogenomics studies are generally built ...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.6697
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consideration of needs for public health interventions and new research requires comparative assessments of the health benefits that are likely to result from alternative uses of limited regulatory and technical resources. This paper briefly examines regulatory and research priorities in the light of recent informatio...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.8141227
更新日期:1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much public health research has been directed to studies of cancer risks due to chemical agents. Recently, increasing attention has been given to adverse reproductive outcomes as another, shorter-term biologic indicator of public health impact. Further, several low-level ubiquitous physical agents have been implicated...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.8981193
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report reviews the recent literature on the adverse effects of occupational factors on fertility and related reproductive outcomes. Few studies fulfill the criteria of good study design because of small sample size, insensitive measures of effect, selection, recall, and observation bias, weak if any control of co...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.93101s281
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric study was made of the gills of tench (Tinca tinca, L.) subjected to acute experimental lead nitrate poisoning. Twenty-one adult tench were subjected to poisoning and a further 22 were used as controls. Lesions were characterized by the appearance of edema and epithelial...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1289/ehp.9089137
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many populations of amphibians are declining on all six continents on which they occur. Some causes of amphibian declines, such as habitat destruction, direct application of xenobiotics, and introduction of predators or competitors, are clearly attributable to human activities. Infectious disease appears to be the dir...
journal_title:Environmental health perspectives
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1289/ehp.00108s1143
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00