Abstract：
:Opioid receptors are expressed on peripheral sensory nerve endings, cutaneous cells, and immune cells; and local application of opioids is used for the treatment of inflammatory pain in arthritis, burns, skin grafts, and chronic wounds. However, peripherally active opioids can also directly modulate the inflammatory process and wound healing. Here, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of opioid action and the conceivable therapeutic approaches for opioid treatment, as investigated in experimental and clinical studies. A large number of in vitro experiments and animal model investigations have produced evidence that peripherally active opioids can reduce plasma extravasation, vasodilation, proinflammatory neuropeptides, immune mediators, and tissue destruction. In contrast to currently available anti-inflammatory agents, opioids have not demonstrated organ toxicity, thus making them interesting candidates for drug development. Few clinical studies have tapped into this potential to date.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Stein C,Küchler Sdoi
10.1016/j.tips.2013.03.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-06-01 00:00:00pages
303-12issue
6eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
S0165-6147(13)00047-3journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:In drug development, major resources are invested into the development of cellular delivery systems to increase the effectiveness of a large array of potential therapeutics, such as proteins and oligonucleotides. These carriers comprise cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), cationic lipids and cationic polymers. In recent...
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journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
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journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
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journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
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