Newly discovered tachykinins raise new questions about their peripheral roles and the tachykinin nomenclature.

abstract：:Nuclear receptors represent a large class of ligand-activated transcriptional regulators; about 70 members of this protein family have been cloned from mammalian or insect species. Thus, it came as a great surprise when the recent completion of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome revealed at least 228 genes for nuclear ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Enmark E,Gustafsson JA

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), previously named peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, has gained a great deal of attention based on its use as a clinical biomarker of neuroinflammation with therapeutic potential. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the function(s) of TSPO in glial ce...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Guilarte TR,Loth MK,Guariglia SR

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpene, is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen known and rivals the synthetic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide in potency. Recently, the molecular target of salvinorin A was identified as the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Salvinorin A represents the only known non-nit...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Sheffler DJ,Roth BL

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine, when given by inhalation, initiates the narrowing of airways in subjects with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The underlying mechanism of this narrowing appears to involve the stimulation of specific mast cell surface adenosine receptors with the subsequent release of mediators and c...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Spicuzza L,Bonfiglio C,Polosa R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic inflammation is the basis of various chronic illnesses including cancer and vascular diseases. However, much has yet to be learned how inflammation becomes chronic. Prostaglandins (PGs) are well established as mediators of acute inflammation, and recent studies in experimental animals have provided evidence th...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Aoki T,Narumiya S

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have proposed a functional link between annexin 1 (ANXA1), an endogenous anti-inflammatory mediator, and receptors of the formyl-peptide family. In particular, exogenous and endogenous ANXA1 and its peptidomimetics interact with one member of this family, the formyl-peptide-receptor-like 1. Further anal...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Perretti M

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that muscle wasting is caused by an increase in protein breakdown which seems to be associated with an ATP-dependent, non-lysosomal proteolytic system based on conjugation of proteins to the small polypeptide ubiquitin. Increases in ubiquitin conjugates and in ubiquitin mRNAs are found in the ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Argilés JM,López-Soriano FJ

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The United States is experiencing an epidemic of opioid overdose deaths. Many of the recent fatalities are associated with illicitly manufactured fentanyl, which is being added to heroin and counterfeit pain pills. The crisis is further exacerbated by the emergence of an increasing number of novel synthetic opioids (N...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Baumann MH,Kopajtic TA,Madras BK

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Degradation of heme requires its conversion to biliverdin (BV) by heme oxygenase, followed by reduction of BV to the free-radical quencher bilirubin (BR) by biliverdin reductase (BVR). It is now recognized that human BVR (hBVR) is a dual-specificity kinase (Ser/Thr and Tyr) upstream activator of the insulin/insulin gr...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Kapitulnik J,Maines MD

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in schizophrenia (SZ) research indicate that the telencephalic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission deficit associated with this psychiatric disorder probably is mediated by the hypermethylation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD(67)), reelin and other GABAergic promoters. A ph...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Guidotti A,Dong E,Kundakovic M,Satta R,Grayson DR,Costa E

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recruitment of leukocytes either during development or to the site of injury is crucial. The molecular regulation of cell trafficking is complex but well orchestrated by the temporal and spatial expression of a multitude of chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) and chemokine receptors. The chemokines, classified prim...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Devalaraja MN,Richmond A

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many diseases result from defects in cell signaling. Achieving an in-depth understanding of the complex mechanisms by which cells transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses in both normal and diseased systems is a crucial step in the discovery of more effective drugs to treat human diseases. Traditional a...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Koller E,Gaarde WA,Monia BP

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intercellular transfer of proteins is a mode of communication between cells that is crucial for certain physiological processes. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for approximately 50% of all cancers. However, multidrug resistance mediated by drug-efflux pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) minimizes the effective...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Ambudkar SV,Sauna ZE,Gottesman MM,Szakacs G

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent molecular cloning studies have identified several genes encoding alpha and beta subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These genes have distinct, although overlapping, patterns of expression in the brain and peripheral ganglia. Multiple nicotinic receptors with distinct pharmacological and functional...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Deneris ES,Connolly J,Rogers SW,Duvoisin R

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacology training in Canada was initiated at McGill University in Montréal in 1824, and there are now 17 pharmacology departments in Canada offering graduate training to more than 500 students. In this article, Gerald Marks reviews the growth of pharmacology in Canada since the early 19th century in both academic ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Marks GS

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is a key pathologic factor in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases (AD, PD). The failure of free-radical-scavenging antioxidants in clinical trials pinpoints an urgent need to identify and to block major sources of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. As a maj...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Gao HM,Zhou H,Hong JS

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The GABAA receptor belongs, along with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the glycine receptor and the 5-HT3 receptor, to a family of homologous transmitter-gated ion channels mediating fast synaptic transmission. Many classes of drug interact with the GABAA receptor, which is the major inhibitory ion channel in th...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Sigel E,Buhr A

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current concepts of the mechanisms underlying many of the pharmacological effects of ethanol on the CNS involve disruption of ion channel function via the interaction of ethanol with specific hydrophobic sites on channel subunit proteins. Of particular clinical importance is the development of tolerance and dependence...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Chandler LJ,Harris RA,Crews FT

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical implementation of two recently approved antisense RNA therapeutics - Exondys51® to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Duchenne MD) and Spinraza® as a treatment for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) - highlights the therapeutic potential of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). As shown in the Duchenne and Becker cas...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Li D,Mastaglia FL,Fletcher S,Wilton SD

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is very common and advances in drug development over recent years have markedly improved GERD management. A wide range of medications are currently used in GERD treatment, including antacids, Gaviscon, sucralfate, histamine-2 receptor antagonists and prokinetics. However, proton ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Hershcovici T,Fass R

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Attempts to develop neuroprotective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders have not yet been clinically successful. Axonal degeneration has been recognized as a predominant driver of disability and disease progression in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sc...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Krauss R,Bosanac T,Devraj R,Engber T,Hughes RO

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven-transmembrane receptors are prototypic allosteric proteins with the ability to adopt numerous conformations, many of which interact with cellular partners to initiate cellular biochemical processes. Defining efficacy as the ability of ligands to stabilize some of these conformations (which, in turn, possess phys...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Kenakin T

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent developments in genetic research using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided rapid new methods for identifying the genes that control cellular responses to treatment with a wide variety of agents, including chemicals and radiation. This significantly increases the power of yeast as a model system for studying ...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Game JC

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacologists have studied receptors for more than a century but a molecular understanding of their properties has emerged only during the past 30-35 years. In this article, I provide a personal retrospective of how developments and discoveries primarily during the 1970s and 1980s led to current concepts about the l...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lefkowitz RJ

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The translocator protein (TSPO), an 18-kDa transmembrane protein primarily found in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is evolutionarily conserved and widely distributed across species. In mammals, TSPO has been described as a key member of a multiprotein complex involved in many putative functions and, over the years,...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Lacapere JJ,Duma L,Finet S,Kassiou M,Papadopoulos V

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonatal Fc receptors (FcRns) recycle IgGs by preventing their lysosome degradation. As this process also enhances half-life of pathogenic auto-IgG, inspired from the mechanisms of intravenous immunoglobulin, several inhibitors of IgG-FcRn interface have been conceived for treating autoimmune diseases. Among them, the...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Bayry J,Kaveri SV

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) have many etiologies compounded by limited options for treatment. The lack of successful treatments for these disorders stems from the difficulty of gaining effective access to the CNS through the blood-brain barrier, and the irreplaceable nature of neurons. Here, we revie...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Valente LA,Begg LR,Filiano AJ

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue factor (TF) is the cellular receptor and cofactor for blood coagulation factor VII (FVII). Exposure of flowing blood to cells that express TF leads to the initiation of blood coagulation. A recent study of mice expressing low levels of TF has demonstrated the importance of TF and FVII in maintaining adequate ha...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： McVey JH

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A diet low in carbohydrates helps to reduce the amount of ingested calories and to maintain a healthy weight. With this in mind, food and beverage companies have reformulated a large number of their products, replacing sugar or high fructose corn syrup with several different types of zero-calorie sweeteners to decreas...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Servant G,Tachdjian C,Li X,Karanewsky DS

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity by recognizing conserved motifs predominantly found in microorganisms. Increasing evidence supports a role for TLRs in sterile inflammation as observed in neurodegenerative disorders. This includes work suggesting a contribution for these receptors to t...

journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences

authors： Drouin-Ouellet J,Cicchetti F

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00