Abstract：
:The importance of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, within higher centres of the mammalian brain is unquestionable. However, its role within the spinal cord is of equal significance. There have been numerous studies over the past two decades that have established GABA as a neurotransmitter at both post- and presynaptic sites in the cord. Here, Marzia Malcangio and Norman Bowery review the current status of GABA in relation to nociception and skeletal muscle tone, and indicate that its contribution to spinal cord function should not be overlooked.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Malcangio M,Bowery NGdoi
10.1016/s0165-6147(96)01013-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-12-01 00:00:00pages
457-62issue
12eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
S0165614796010139journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Pathogenic granulocytes (eosinophils and neutrophils) infiltrate airway tissues in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Granulocytes release tissue-toxic and inflammatory mediators, making their removal an important pharmacological goal. Removal is thought to be accomplished through apoptosis followed by ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.006
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary inflammatory disease that is caused by cigarette smoke. The main characteristic of COPD is the continued inflammation caused by the sustained influx of macrophages and neutrophils into the lung. Recent studies have shed light on how these cells are attracted ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.09.003
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:14-3-3 Proteins enact a range of cellular functions through protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with client proteins. Kaplan and colleagues recently demonstrated that a semisynthetic compound was able to selectively stabilize or disrupt specific interactions, depending on the binding partner. This finding presents an ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2020.05.001
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene therapy is a new field of medical research that has great potential to influence the course of treatment of human disease. The lung has been a particularly attractive target organ for gene therapy due to its accessibility and the identification of genetic deficits for a number of lung diseases. Several clinical t...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01350-4
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzodiazepines in clinical use have a range of pharmacological activities. Some, e.g. sedation, tolerance and addiction, are not welcome. Undesirable side-effects of drugs are often controlled by developing compounds that bind more selectively to one particular receptor subtype. An alternative approach, discussed her...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(90)90126-s
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insect nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptors are molecular targets of insecticides such as neonicotinoids that are used to control disease-carrying insects and agricultural pests. To date, several insect nACh receptor subunits have been identified, indicating different nACh receptor subtypes and pharmacological pro...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.11.006
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase exhibit tissue-specific distribution, and each form is anchored to the cell surface via a particular post-translational modification of the catalytic subunit. Nibaldo Inestrosa and Alejandra Perelman review evidence that heparan sulphate proteoglycans are the extracellular matri...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(89)90067-9
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue factor (TF) is the cellular receptor and cofactor for blood coagulation factor VII (FVII). Exposure of flowing blood to cells that express TF leads to the initiation of blood coagulation. A recent study of mice expressing low levels of TF has demonstrated the importance of TF and FVII in maintaining adequate ha...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00121-4
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A diet low in carbohydrates helps to reduce the amount of ingested calories and to maintain a healthy weight. With this in mind, food and beverage companies have reformulated a large number of their products, replacing sugar or high fructose corn syrup with several different types of zero-calorie sweeteners to decreas...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2011.06.007
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress is a key pathologic factor in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases (AD, PD). The failure of free-radical-scavenging antioxidants in clinical trials pinpoints an urgent need to identify and to block major sources of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. As a maj...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.008
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the discipline of pharmacology, drugs (ligands) are used as tools to elucidate the processes of biological systems. Because of this, pharmacologists strive to delineate all characteristics of drugs. Decades of research have resulted in the proposal that ligands possess two properties that are intrinsic to the ligan...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01138-3
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The injectisome type three secretion system (T3SS) is a major virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This bacterium is responsible for severe infections in immunosuppressed or cystic fibrosis patients and has become resistant to many antibiotics. Inhibitors of T3SS may therefore constitute an innovative therapeut...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2016.05.011
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein engineering is a powerful tool for studying relationships between receptor structure and function--providing that it is used and interpreted appropriately. Site-directed mutagenesis, deletion mutagenesis and construction of chimaeric proteins have all been used to characterize receptors. In this review, Walter...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(90)90009-w
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lithium is the simplest therapeutic agent available for the treatment of depression and has been used for over 100 years, yet no definitive mechanism for its effect has been established. Among the proposed mechanisms, two lithium-sensitive signal transduction pathways are active in the brain; these are mediated by gly...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01428-5
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The histamine H3 receptor was discovered 15 years ago, and many potent and selective H3 receptor agonists and antagonists have since been developed. Currently, much attention is being focused on the therapeutic potential of H3 receptor ligands. In this review, Rob Leurs, Patrizio Blandina, Clark Tedford and Henk Timme...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(98)01201-2
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) comprise a family of receptors that are differentially expressed on leukocytes and other immune cells. The restricted expression of several siglecs to one or a few cell types makes them attractive targets for cell-directed therapies. The anti-CD33 (also kno...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2009.02.005
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Folates are essential for key biosynthetic processes in mammalian cells and play a crucial role in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis. Mammals lack the metabolic capacity for folate biosynthesis; hence, folate requirements are largely met through dietary sources. To date, three major folate transpor...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Opioid receptors are expressed on peripheral sensory nerve endings, cutaneous cells, and immune cells; and local application of opioids is used for the treatment of inflammatory pain in arthritis, burns, skin grafts, and chronic wounds. However, peripherally active opioids can also directly modulate the inflammatory p...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2013.03.006
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Receptors that are coupled to the production of inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate cause an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration as a consequence of both Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores and Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane. Although this latter phenomenon appears attributable to the activation ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(94)90282-8
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Snake venom neurotoxins and lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) proteins, most of the latter being membrane tethered by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, have a variety of biological activities, but their three-finger (3F) folding combines them in one Ly6/neurotoxin family. Subsets of two groups, represented by α-ne...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2014.11.003
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many diseases result from defects in cell signaling. Achieving an in-depth understanding of the complex mechanisms by which cells transduce extracellular signals into cellular responses in both normal and diseased systems is a crucial step in the discovery of more effective drugs to treat human diseases. Traditional a...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01448-6
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kinin B1 and B2 receptors are central to the aetiology of pain and inflammation. Constitutive B2 receptors are commonly associated with the acute phase of inflammation and nociception, whereas the inducible B1 receptors are mostly linked to the chronic or persistent phase (or both). Therefore, selective, orally active...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.007
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacology as a modern science was introduced in China approximately 150 years ago, and has been used since then to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pharmacology has experienced its own development over this time and continues to provide new tools for the study of TCM. In the present review, three models fo...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.004
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As we have learnt from earlier articles in our series on the pharmacology of excitatory amino acids, neurons and glia express several subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptor, the activation of which increases intracellular free calcium ion concentration. In this sixth article, Mark Mayer and Richard Miller detail t...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0165-6147(90)90254-6
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although therapies that treat the symptoms of the disease have proven efficacy, strategies that slow or stop the neurodegenerative process are currently not available. Recently, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) con...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.003
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) is a member of the AGC (which includes PKD, PKG and PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases that is widely expressed in mammalian tissues. It is closely related in structure, function and regulation to other members of the protein kinase C family, but has specific functions wit...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2009.10.006
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cys loop, glutamate, and P2X receptors are ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) with 5, 4, and 3 protomers, respectively. There is now growing atomic level understanding of their gating mechanisms. Although each family is unique in the architecture of the ligand-binding pocket, the pathway for motions to propagate from l...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2012.06.005
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the structure and function of the small airways (<2mm diameter) are now recognized to play a major role in airflow limitation in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. Increased thickness of the small airway wall causes lumenal narrowing, which can be further occluded by mucus ...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2008.04.003
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within five years of discovering endothelin (ET-1) in 1988, the first report of an orally available ET receptor antagonist was published. Within twelve years, bosentan, the first ET receptor antagonist to gain marketing authorization, was made available for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Since t...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2007.10.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attempts to develop neuroprotective treatments for neurodegenerative disorders have not yet been clinically successful. Axonal degeneration has been recognized as a predominant driver of disability and disease progression in central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sc...
journal_title：Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tips.2020.01.006
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
