Abstract：
:In the adult central nervous system (CNS), GABA and glycine (Gly) are predominant inhibitory neurotransmitters, negatively regulating glutamatergic transmission. In the immature CNS, on the other hand, they act as trophic factors, mediating morphogenesis. In the present study, to investigate their involvement in axonal regeneration, we morphologically examined changes in their signaling in mouse hypoglossal nuclei during degeneration and regeneration of hypoglossal nerves. We found that (1) expression and localization of presynaptic elements were not changed, (2) localization of gephyrin, which anchors GABA and Gly receptors, was spread on the surface of motor neuron cell bodies and dendrites, (3) KCC2-expression markedly decreased, (4) choline acetyltransferase, which mediates acetylcholine-synthesis, immediately disappeared from the motor neurons, and (5) the synaptic cleft of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses became irregularly wider, in the hypoglossal nuclei of the sutured side after the operation. These changes gradually normalized during regeneration. These results suggested that synthesis of acetylcholine may be stopped in the motor neuron after axotomy. GABA/Gly may be normally released from presynaptic terminals, be spilled over the original synaptic cleft, be diffused into the neighboring space, bind to extrasynaptically localized receptors, and mediate depolarization of the membrane potential of motor neurons during degeneration and regeneration. Furthermore, it was suggested that GABA/Gly signaling in postsynaptic motor neurons went back to being immature after axotomy, and may play an important role in axonal regeneration.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Tatetsu M,Kim J,Kina S,Sunakawa H,Takayama Cdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-29 00:00:00pages
22-33eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(12)00130-8journal_volume
1446pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:The postnatal development of cat triceps surae gamma-motoneurones, retrogradely labelled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was studied light and electron microscopically. The mean diameter of the cell bodies of the gamma-motoneurones increased by about 25% from birth to the adult stage, which was much less than the i...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(87)90251-3
更新日期：1987-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The medial amygdala plays a key role in regulating adult social behavior and undergoes structural changes during puberty that may be driven by gonadal hormone secretion during this developmental period. The current study sought to investigate potential organizational effects of testosterone during puberty, activationa...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.035
更新日期：2012-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of immune cells by pathogens induces the release of a variety of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. Previous studies using IL-1 beta have demonstrated that this cytokine can alter brain function, resulting in a variety of 'illness responses' including increased sleep, decreased fo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00715-3
更新日期：1995-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences in estrogen-induced progestin receptors have been described in specific regions of the rat brain. To determine if alpha 1-neurotransmission plays a role in the expression of the sex differences in progestin receptor induction, the effects of the alpha 1-antagonist, prazosin, on progestin binding in mic...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90631-K
更新日期：1990-04-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Descending protocerebral neurons in the male silkworm moth brain responding to the sexual pheromone (Bombykol) were identified. The neurons responded well with a tonic type of response and the high-frequency spikes evoked continued even after the end of the stimulus. Characteristics of the dose-response curves of the ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(86)90885-1
更新日期：1986-07-09 00:00:00
abstract：:In our study, we examined middle cerebral artery (MCA) contractile responses in two animal models. After hemorrhagic disturbances in rats of Krushinsky-Molodkina strain (KMRs) a decrease in contractile responses to serotonin (5-HT) was observed. During incomplete global cerebral ischemia, MCAs had increased responsive...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.062
更新日期：2004-01-02 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 183 nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) neurons were recorded in a monkey performing a delayed response task. Significant changes in discharge rate were detected in 74% of the NBM cells sampled with most responses occurring in the choice (64%) or the reward (67%) epochs of the task. Neuronal responses in the c...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(86)91529-5
更新日期：1986-12-10 00:00:00
abstract：:During aging, estrogen production and circulating levels of estrogen are markedly decreased in females. Although several differences exist in the process of reproductive aging between women and female rats, the results of many studies suggest that the female rat, especially the middle-aged or aged ovariectomized femal...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.11.010
更新日期：2014-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:This study tested the effect on intracranially injected cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, on facilitation of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats. The rats received 0.5 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB), s.c. once daily on days 8 through 12 after ovariectomy (OVX). Either CHX (in 0.5 microli...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(81)91050-7
更新日期：1981-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:In a study of the capacity of neural grafts to promote functional recovery in rats with fimbria-fornix lesions, 5 groups of rats were studied behaviourally and with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry: (1) sham-operated controls; (2) bilateral fimbria-fornix lesions; (3) bilateral lesions plus bilateral solid e...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90751-x
更新日期：1982-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Averaged evoked potentials and unitary discharges in response to tooth pulp and acoustic click stimuli were recorded from the hippocampus of freely moving rats. The spatial distribution of evoked field responses to tooth pulp stimulation and acoustic clicks were identical. Averaged evoked potentials consisted of a lar...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(86)90933-9
更新日期：1986-07-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual neurons were recorded extracellularly in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) of rats during cocaine self-administration sessions. NAcc neurons exhibited a variety of phasic changes in firing rate within the few seconds before and/or after cocaine self-infusion. Analysis of the topographical distribution of the pha...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00752-x
更新日期：1997-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The response of noradrenergic (NE), serotonergic (5-HT), and dopaminergic (DA), neurons to repeated presentations (once/2 s for 64 trials) of phasic auditory (click) and visual (flash) stimuli was examined in freely moving cats. All 3 groups of neurons displayed similar response latencies and somewhat similar duration...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(86)90546-9
更新日期：1986-03-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Febrile seizure (FS) remains the most common childhood neurological emergency. Although many studies have been done, controversy exists as to whether these seizures are associated with a significant risk for cognitive impairment. The aim of our study is to check whether there is a spatial learning and memory deficit i...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.026
更新日期：2014-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Effects of methamphetamine (MAP) on the extracellular neuropeptide Y (NPY) and noradrenaline (NA) levels were examined in the vicinity of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of freely moving rats by means of push-pull perfusion. The NA and NPY levels increased significantly in 30-60 min and reached the maximum level in ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)01343-1
更新日期：1996-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of striatal cholinergic neurons in the release of dopamine (DA) elicited by the mu-opioid receptor agonist DAGO ([D-Ala2, NMePhe4-Gly5(ol)]enkephalin) was explored. The striatal release of DA was measured by microdialysis in rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate. When infused in the striatum, through ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0006-8993(96)01319-4
更新日期：1997-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were done in chloralose anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats to identify single units in ventrolateral medulla (VLM) projecting directly to the intermediate gray (IG) region of the upper thoracic cord and responding to inputs from pressor sites in the anterior lateral hypothalamus (Hla)...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(85)90908-4
更新日期：1985-11-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenotypic diversity is shaped by both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that program tissue specific patterns of gene expression. Cells, including neurons, undergo massive epigenetic reprogramming during development through modifications to chromatin structure, and by covalent modifications of the DNA through methyla...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.074
更新日期：2008-10-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Males show suppressed cell proliferation in the hippocampus in response to acute stress but no studies to date have examined cell proliferation in response to acute stress in females. In the current study, we examined the effects of acute exposure to a predator odor stressor [trimethyl thiazoline (TMT); the main compo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02542-3
更新日期：2003-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The mesocorticolimbic circuitry has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric syndromes like chronic pain and addiction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dizocilpine (MK-801), a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on sensorimotor behaviors and t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02988-3
更新日期：2003-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:An acute pain animal model for fMRI study would provide useful spatial and temporal information for studying the supraspinal nociceptive neuronal responses. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the nociceptive responses in different brain areas can be differentiated by using functional magnetic reso...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02094-7
更新日期：2001-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments were carried out on hippocampal slices from rats pretreated with a unilateral intraventricular injection of kainic acid. The kainic acid produced a lesion of the CA3 area in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the site of injection. The resulting neuroanatomically modified hippocampal slices allowed the indepen...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)90570-x
更新日期：1983-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Extracellular recording was used to investigate spontaneously active neurons in all four major nuclei of the rat vestibular nuclear complex (VNC) in brainstem slices. The density of spontaneously active neurons was highest in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), slightly lower in the superior (SuVN) and spinal (SpVN) ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02361-2
更新日期：2002-04-26 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and the NO-releasing agents sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), whole-cell patch-clamp currents and on glutamate-stimulated [3H]di...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91690-g
更新日期：1992-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Drebrins are developmentally regulated proteins found in chicken brain and are classified into two forms of the embryonic type (E1 and E2) and one form of the adult type (A). Although the time courses of their appearance are different from each other, the structures of the 3 forms are closely related. Two kinds of dre...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-328x(88)90027-7
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) is a distinct division of the lateral geniculate complex that participates in the regulation of the circadian rhythm through its projections to the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. A high number of neuropeptide Y (NPY) cell bodies has been...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01032-4
更新日期：1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Earlier studies in this laboratory have shown that partial serotonergic (5-HT) deafferentation from the hippocampus induced a homotypic sprouting. The 5-HT-denervated hippocampus was further found to be a favorable environment for the growth of grafted 5-HT, but not for norepinephrinergic neurons. In the current study...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90286-k
更新日期：1990-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NE) play important roles in brain postnatal maturation. Therefore, deficits in brain availability of biogenic amines during critical developmental phases might underlie neurodevelopmental disturbances associated with cognitive impairment. To test this hypothesis we ev...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.006
更新日期：2008-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyloid-beta protein (A beta) deposition in the cerebral vascular walls is one of the key features of Alzheimer's disease and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis-Dutch type (HCHWA-D). A beta(1-40) carrying the 'Dutch' mutation (HCHWA-D A beta(1-40)) induces pronounced degeneration of cultured human brain p...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03218-3
更新日期：2002-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Williams Syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopment disorder associated with a hemizygous deletion on chromosome 7. WS is characterized with mental retardation, severe visual-spatial deficits, relative language preservation, and excellent facial recognition. Distinctive auditory features include musical ability, heightened s...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.038
更新日期：2005-03-10 00:00:00
