Stimulated gene expression profiles as a blood marker of major depressive disorder.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a moderately heritable disorder with a high lifetime prevalence. At present, laboratory blood tests to support MDD diagnosis are not available. METHODS:We used a classifier approach on blood gene expression profiles of a unique set of unmedicated subjects (MDD patients and control subjects) to select genes with expression predictive for disease status. To reveal blood gene expression changes related to major depressive disorder-disease, we applied a powerful ex vivo stimulus to the blood: incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 ng/mL blood). RESULTS:Based on LPS-stimulated blood gene expression using whole-genome microarrays (primary cohort; 21 MDD patients, 21 healthy control subjects), we identified a set of genes (CAPRIN1, CLEC4A, KRT23, MLC1, PLSCR1, PROK2, ZBTB16) that serves as a molecular signature of MDD. These findings were validated using an independent quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (primary cohort, p = .007). The difference between depressive patients and control subjects was confirmed (p = .019) in a replication cohort of 13 MDD patients and 14 control subjects. The MDD signature score comprised expression levels of seven genes could discriminate depressive patients from control subjects with sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 71.8%. CONCLUSIONS:We have shown for the first time that molecular analysis of stimulated blood cells can be used as an endophenotype for MDD diagnosis, which is a milestone in establishing biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders with moderate heritability in general. Our results may provide a new entry point for following and predicting treatment outcome, as well as prediction of severity and recurrence of major depressive disorder.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Spijker S,Van Zanten JS,De Jong S,Penninx BW,van Dyck R,Zitman FG,Smit JH,Ylstra B,Smit AB,Hoogendijk WJ

doi

10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.03.017

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-07-15 00:00:00

pages

179-86

issue

2

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006-3223(10)00246-5

journal_volume

68

pub_type

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