Regulation of the cytosolic DNA-sensing system in innate immunity: a current view.

abstract：:Asthma, one of the most common chronic diseases, is a complex and heterogeneous disorder. The results of genome screens for asthma-related traits in 11 different populations identified at least 18 regions of the genome that probably house asthma/atopy genes. The most consistently replicated regions are on chromosomes ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hoffjan S,Ober C

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innate and adaptive immune responses target pathogenic fungi and provide defense against fungal infections. Recent studies demonstrate that specific host receptors recognize ligands that are unique to fungi and activate signaling cascades that lead to phagocytosis of fungi, generation of pro-inflammatory mediators, fo...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hohl TM,Rivera A,Pamer EG

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The commensal bacteria normally resident in the gastrointestinal tract represent an enormous pool of foreign antigen within the body. Although mechanical barriers limit entry of bacteria into the host, recent data suggest that T cells routinely interact with commensal bacteria using both antigen-specific and non-speci...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nutsch KM,Hsieh CS

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signals are crucial for initiation of humoral immune responses and must be actively modulated and/or terminated in preparation for receipt of subsequent cues for progression. BCR signaling is also actively inhibited in autoreactive cells in which unresponsiveness is maintained by anergy. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gauld SB,Merrell KT,Cambier JC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One hundred years ago, the 1918 H1N1 Pandemic killed 20 million people worldwide. Despite the introduction of a worldwide surveillance system, large-scale production of influenza vaccines coupled with annual vaccination schemes, influenza remains a major public health concern. Prevention of influenza on a population b...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Andrews SF,McDermott AB

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precursor B cells assemble a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes by the process of V(D)J recombination. Assembly of IgH genes is regulated in a tissue- and stage-specific manner via the activation and then the inactivation of distinct regions within the one megabase IgH locus. Recent studies have shown tha...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Sen R,Oltz E

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perforin defects have been identified in humans with familial hematophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The pathology of these patients has dramatically illustrated an under-appreciated role for perforin in the regulation of T-cell responses in vivo, and experimental studies are shedding light on the mechanisms involved. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Catalfamo M,Henkart PA

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classification of T helper (T(H)) cells in subsets has progressively expanded and more effector subsets, besides T(H)1 and T(H)2, have been documented. These include follicular helper T cells (T(FH)), and the more recent T(H)17, 'T(H)9', and 'T(H)22'. In addition, T(H) are no longer thought of as terminally commit...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Veldhoen M

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigens from a wide variety of pathogens have been identified as members of conserved heat-shock protein families, sharing upwards of 50% amino acid identity with corresponding host-cell proteins. Analysis of the responses to these conserved antigens may provide insights into regulation of the immune system during in...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Young DB

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergen immunotherapy leads to tolerance through multiple mechanisms that include tolerogenic dendritic cells and T and B regulatory cells. These induced cellular populations produce mediators to skew the immune response to a tolerogenic milieu that, among others, results in IgG4 blocking antibodies formation and low...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mitsias DI,Xepapadaki P,Makris M,Papadopoulos NG

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent developments in the field of immune memory research and the accumulating literature on age-related alterations in homeostasis, primary and memory T cell responses make it pertinent to address whether and how memory responses are affected by aging with regard to their generation, maintenance, and protective func...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nikolich-Zugich J,Rudd BD

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The breaking of tolerance or unresponsiveness to self-antigens, involving the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes, is a critical event leading to autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms by which this can occur are mostly unknown. Viruses have been implicated in this process, among other etiological factors, suc...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： von Herrath MG,Oldstone MB

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although twelve years have passed since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its target, the CD4+ T cell, nor how this killing cripples the immune system. Prominent theories include direct killing of infected CD4+ T cells by the action or accumulation of cytopathic viral DNA...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Finkel TH,Banda NK

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formerly distinct fields of lymphocyte signal transduction and cytoskeletal remodeling have recently become linked, as proteins involved in transducing signals downstream of lymphocyte antigen receptors have also been implicated in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, microtubule dynamics and regulation of cell polarity...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Miletic AV,Swat M,Fujikawa K,Swat W

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen presenting cells (APCs) alert the immune system to attack by extracellular organisms; APCs achieve this via internalization, degradation, and display of antigenic fragments on the cell surface by MHC class II molecules. These class II molecules bind to an accessory protein, termed the invariant chain, that ens...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hiltbold EM,Roche PA

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lymphocyte lineage that regulates immune responses. During their development in the thymus, immature uncommitted double-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that rearrange the semi-invariant T-cell receptor found on mature NKT cells are positively selected by the non-classical MHC c...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Matsuda JL,Gapin L

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have increased our understanding of the nature of autoimmune recognition and of the identity of autoantigens, at least in model systems. Knowledge of the autoantigens and the process of recognition is suggesting new therapies for autoimmune disease. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Smith SC,Allen PM

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activation is essential for lymphocyte proliferation driven by receptors for antigen, costimulatory ligands and cytokines. The lipid products of PI3K contribute to the assembly of membrane-associated signaling complexes by promoting recruitment of selected proteins from the cytoplasm. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Fruman DA

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activation of T lymphocytes is initiated by the binding of MHC-peptide complexes on antigen-presenting cells to MHC-restricted, peptide specific TCRs. Significant progress has recently been made in understanding the structure of the TCR and in the direct quantitative examination of the primary binding interactions...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Margulies DH

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:V(D)J recombination can be separated into two basic operations: DNA cleavage and joining of broken ends. Our understanding of both reactions has increased substantially in the past year. Major advances include the development of a cell-free system capable of cleavage and the identification of several proteins involved...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Bogue M,Roth DB

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Notch family of evolutionarily conserved proteins regulates a broad spectrum of cell-fate decisions and differentiation processes during fetal and post-natal development. The best characterized role of Notch signaling during mammalian hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis is the essential function of the Notch1 receptor...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Radtke F,Wilson A,MacDonald HR

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction and execution of a successful anti-pathogen immune response requires a consecutive series of cellular interactions that begin in lymphoid environments and later extend into the periphery. Much of our current knowledge of these events has been gained using ex vivo approaches that yield important static in...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mueller SN,Hickman HD

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past few years have seen significant growth in the number of known chemokines. Along with expansion in this field has come an appreciation of a role for chemokines beyond the chemotaxis of leukocytes. In particular, it appears that these molecules may represent major products of activated lymphocytes and that, in ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hedrick JA,Zlotnik A

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The germinal center (GC) is an important anatomical site for the development of high affinity antibodies during T-cell dependent B cell responses. Although the importance of the GC response to humoral immunity is well known, much remains to be elucidated about GC induction, maintenance and regulation. Recent studies e...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Cozine CL,Wolniak KL,Waldschmidt TJ

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MHC class I molecules present degradation products derived from intracellular proteins, whereas MHC class II molecules generally present peptides derived from extracellular or surface proteins. Recent insights into the cell biology of MHC class I and II molecules explain this difference. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Neefjes JJ,Momburg F

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accessory molecules are required for microbial recognition by Toll-like receptor (TLR), subsequent signaling, and regulation of ensuing immune responses. Accessory molecules regulate TLRs on the cell surface (MD-2 and RP105), or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Unc93B, PRAT4A, and gp96). Other types of accessory mol...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Akashi-Takamura S,Miyake K

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over two decades of research have increased the interest in factors from the tumor necrosis factor family. The vast majority of these factors are powerful modulators of critical immune functions and participate in pathogenic mechanisms leading to autoimmune disease. This field constantly evolves with the addition of n...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mackay F,Kalled SL

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two years ago, T helper cells, including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, were considered to be the most significant sources of cytokine during the orchestration of immune responses in the lung. Following the discovery of innate lymphoid cells, we now know that these previously unappreciated cytokine-secreting cells, includin...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Scanlon ST,McKenzie AN

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Distinctions between tumor necrosis factor, TNF-alpha, and lymphotoxin, TNF-beta, have previously been based on the differences between their protein sequences, biological activity, and molecular regulation. In the past year, elucidation of the molecular nature of the two molecules and the interactions with common rec...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Ruddle NH

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovered during the past ten years, Janus kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription have emerged as critical elements in cytokine signaling and immunoregulation. Recently, knockout mice for all the members of these families have been generated, with remarkably specific outcomes. Equally exciting...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gadina M,Hilton D,Johnston JA,Morinobu A,Lighvani A,Zhou YJ,Visconti R,O'Shea JJ

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00