Abstract：
:This study aimed to identify sites and mechanisms of long-term plasticity following lower limb muscle training. Two groups performing either a postural stability maintenance training (SMT) or a ballistic ankle strength training (BST) were compared to a non-training group. The hypothesis was that practicing of a self-initiated voluntary movement would facilitate cortico-spinal projections, while practicing fast automatic adjustments during stabilization of stance would reduce excitatory influence from the primary motor cortex. Training effects were expected to be confined to the practiced task. To test for training specificity, motor evoked potentials (MEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded at rest and during motor tasks that were similar to each training. Intracortical, cortico-spinal, as well as spinal parameters were assessed at rest and during these tasks. The results show high task and training specificity. Training effects were only observable during performance of the trained task. While MEP size was decreased in the SMT group for the trained tasks, MEP recruitment was increased in the BST group in the trained task only. The control group did not show any changes. Background electromyogram levels, M. soleus H-reflex amplitudes and intracortical parameters were unaltered. In summary, it is suggested that the changes of MEP parameters in both training groups, but not in the control group, reflect cortical motor plasticity. While cortico-spinal activation was enhanced in the BST group, SMT may be associated with improved motor control through increased inhibitory trans-cortical effects. Since spinal excitability remained unaltered, changes most likely occur on the supraspinal level.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Beck S,Taube W,Gruber M,Amtage F,Gollhofer A,Schubert Mdoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.048subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-07 00:00:00pages
51-60eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(07)01953-1journal_volume
1179pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract：:Exposure of organotypic dorsal root ganglion-spinal cord cultures to taxol, a potent microtubule promoting and stabilizing agent, results in an unusual abundance of microtubules in neurons, and the presence of microtubule-endoplasmic reticulum arrays in their perikarya and processes. Ordered concentric arrays of micro...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(81)90017-2
更新日期：1981-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by second messenger pathway activators was examined in rat olfactory bulb cell cultures. The number of TH-immunoreactive neurons was increased 2-3-fold by 36 h treatments with forskolin (Fsk, 10(-6) M) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 10(-7) M), but was not significantly incre...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(09)90015-4
更新日期：1994-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The potential evoked at the surface of the cerebral cortex of a guinea pig, by stimulation of the contralateral forepaw, usually consists of an initial double positive wave whose waveform remains unchanged during rapid stimulation. In a guinea pig with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) the response is atte...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(75)90350-9
更新日期：1975-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii can cause parasitic encephalitis, a life-threatening infection that predominately occurs in immunocompromised individuals. T. gondii has the ability to invade the brain, but the mechanisms by which this parasite crosses the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) remain incompletely understood. The present study r...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147002
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 plays an important role in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Although GLUT4 is abundant in the hypothalamus as well as in these peripheral tissues, little is known about the role of GLUT4 in the hypothalamus. In this study, we examined the subcellu...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.079
更新日期：2005-07-05 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro method was developed to separately visualize dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotoninergic terminals in the cerebral, hippocampal and cerebellar cortices of the rat, by means of the glyoxylic histochemical fluorescence method. Animals were pretreated with alpha-methylparatyrosine to deplete catecholamine ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(78)90770-9
更新日期：1978-05-19 00:00:00
abstract：:A polyclonal antiserum raised against the carboxy-terminal 17 amino acids of the rat p185c-neu (anct) reacted with a 140 kDa polypeptide in membranes of synaptosome fractions from neocortex and hippocampus of 11-day-old and adult rats. The same antiserum reacted with a 185 kDa polypeptide in microsome membranes from r...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00981-u
更新日期：1995-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice have been characterized previously as seizure-resistant and seizure-sensitive, respectively, a distinction based primarily upon a differential response to the convulsant effects of various drugs. In the present study, electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was used to assess maximal electrosh...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01013-0
更新日期：1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the bullfrog semicircular canal crista, hair cell tuft types were defined and mapped with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. Intracellular recording and Lucifer Yellow labeling techniques were used to study afferent responses and arborization patterns. Dye-filled planar afferent axons had mean distal axon...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(90)90107-m
更新日期：1990-11-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Nestin is an intermediate filament protein, transiently and abundantly expressed early in embryogenesis, e.g., in neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, germinal matrix cells and vascular cells. In the adult rat brain, nestin is only present in endothelial and select subventricular cells. We tested the hypothesis that af...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01502-4
更新日期：1999-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:An indirect method of immunocytochemistry showed that cholera toxin and its B-subunit served as specific neuronal surface markers in conjunction with monoclonal anti-cholera toxin and FITC labeled anti-mouse Fab. The cell types which get specifically stained in culture were peripheral neurons from dorsal root ganglion...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(82)90305-5
更新日期：1982-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now well documented that optogenetics brings to neuroscience a long sought-after foothold to study the causal role of millisecond-scale activity of genetically or anatomically defined populations of neurons. Progress is rapid, and, as evidenced by the work collected in this Special Issue, the possibilities of wh...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2013.01.008
更新日期：2013-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Cingulate cortex (CC) unit responses to hippocampal volleys and afterdischarges were studied in 4 awake unsedated squirrel monkeys using extracellular microelectrodes. Stimuli were delivered via bipolar electrodes chronically implanted bilaterally in anterior and posterior hippocampus. A total of 412 units in 21 track...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(83)91253-2
更新日期：1983-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of systemically administered interleukin-1beta (1.0 microg) on in vivo variations of monoamines was assessed in several brain regions. Administration of the cytokine provoked a modest increase of extracellular 5-HIAA and HVA from the nucleus accumbens, and 5-HIAA from the hippocampus. Following mild neurog...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00312-0
更新日期：1997-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) were measured in the rat retina by radioimmunoassay during prenatal and postnatal development. SLI-containing cells were visualized by immunocytochemistry throughout this time period. SLI is present as early as embryonic day 15 (E15) and by E16 at concentrations 10-fo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0165-3806(87)90209-4
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there are several reports on the alteration of intracellular signal transduction during heat shock in somatic cells, the long term effects of heat shock on neuronal cells remain unknown. In this report, we investigated cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation and the expression of heat shock proteins following heat sho...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00072-9
更新日期：1998-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the lateral parabrachial area (lPB) in the acquisition of a delayed taste aversion learning task (TAL) was examined by delivering the peripherally acting aversive compound, methylscopolamine (MSP), through two different routes, intraperitoneal and intraventricular. Consistent with previous anatomical, beha...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02453-7
更新日期：2000-07-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) modulates the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a possible cellular mechanism for learning. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of activation of nAChRs by nicotine on long-term plasticity in the songbird zebra finch, which is a v...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.051
更新日期：2004-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effect of long-term exposure to radio frequency radiation 147 MHz and its sub-harmonics 73.5 and 36.75 MHz amplitude modulated at 16 and 76 Hz (30-35 days, 3 h per day) on cholinergic systems in developing rat brain. A significant decrease in acetylcholine esterase activity was found in exposed rats as...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)91729-c
更新日期：1993-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present studies we have examined the effects of a new calcium channel blocker, LY393615 ((N-Butyl-[5,5-bis-(4-fluorophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]methylamine hydrochloride, NCC1048) in a model of hypoxia-hypoglycaemia in vitro and in a gerbil model of global and in two rat models of focal cerebral ischaemia in vi...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03043-2
更新日期：2001-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:(2E)-(5-Hydroxy-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[a][7]annulen-6-ylidene) ethanoic acid (NCS-382) is an antagonist for gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) at GHB receptor sites. Advantages of using [(3)H]NCS-382 over [(3)H]GHB in radioligand binding studies are that unlike GHB, NCS-382 does not appear to bind to, activate, or i...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02865-8
更新日期：2003-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Photopic and scotopic spectral sensitivity of rhesus monkeys was determined before and after complete removal of the striate cortex. The monkeys were required to choose between a white and a series of monochromatic stimuli distributed throughout the visible spectrum. A modified method of limits was used to determine t...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(75)90346-7
更新日期：1975-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors are expressed in high concentrations in the central nervous system, including the basal ganglia, and could have direct or indirect effects on motor behavior through modulation of dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABA-ergic neurotransmission. Using the CB1 receptor radioligand [(18)F]M...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.026
更新日期：2010-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：:In animal models, the hallmark of a hypoxic condition is a strong negative shift of the DC potential (anoxic terminal negativity, ATN). This DC-shift is interpreted to be primarily due to a breakdown of the membrane potential of neurons. Such massive neuronal depolarizations have not been reported for all human neocor...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(96)00911-0
更新日期：1996-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：:A cluster of trigeminal nociceptive neurons was located in the lateral sulcus on the upper bank of the frontoparietal operculum in a region bordering between cortical areas SII and 7b. These neurons were isolated in cortical cell layers IV and V-VI. All nociceptive neurons responded exclusively to noxious mechanical s...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(89)90375-2
更新日期：1989-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have indicated that amyloid precursor protein (APP) might be a trophic agent in the nervous system, possibly through the regulation of cell adhesion and the protease/protease inhibitor activity. Additionally, APP is upregulated during the development of the nervous system. In order to further study th...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(92)91329-d
更新日期：1992-10-16 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate the functional significance of angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors identified by previous receptor autoradiography studies to be located presynaptically on terminals of dopaminergic neurones projecting to the striatum. Microdialysis was performed in the striatum of conscious freely mo...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(93)90902-y
更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurotensin is a putative peptide neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain. The light microscopic localization of the neurotensin receptor has been carried out by the autoradiographic localization of [3H]neurotensin binding sites in slide-mounted tissue sections. Large variations in receptor distribution were found, ev...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(81)90532-1
更新日期：1981-02-16 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the effect of thyroid hormones (TH) on cerebral tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) content and accumulation of MDA-bound proteins, hyperthyroid rats and hypothyroid rats were compared to euthyroid controls. Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily injection of l-3,5, 3'-triiodothyronine (15 ug (100 g)-1) intraperit...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01368-2
更新日期：1999-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to assess the influence of Ca2+ influx on intracellular pH (pHi) of neocortical neurons in primary culture. Neurons were exposed to glutamate (100-500 microM) or KCl (50 mM), and pHi was recorded with microspectrofluorometric techniques. Additional experiments were carried out in which ...
journal_title：Brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-8993(95)00056-v
更新日期：1995-04-10 00:00:00
