Abstract:
:The colonization resistance (CR) of the digestive tract was determined in 10 healthy volunteers by oral contamination with a neomycin resistant Escherichia coli (NR-E. coli) strain and measurement of the faecal concentration of this strain during 14 days after the contamination. This 'gold standard' was compared with another parameter of CR; the determination of the mean number of different biotypes of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from four faecal samples per volunteer. Both measures are significantly correlated (P less than 0.01). The NR-E. coli strain could be cultured from faecal samples of 4/10 volunteers as long as 300 days after contamination. Serum antibody titres against endogenous E. coli strains and the NR-E. coli strain used for experimental oral contamination were measured by an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay. The assay was read by a video camera connected to an image processing system. The 95% confidence limits of antibody titres (log2) against endogenous E. coli strains ranged between less than 3 and 7.1 for IgA, between less than 3 and 8.7 for IgG and between less than 3 and 7.4 for IgM. Antibody titres against the NR-E. coli4 strain were within this (normal) range. The serum antibody titres against the NR-E. coli strain increased slowly after oral contamination, especially IgG and IgM. Little increase in IgA titres could be observed. An increase of serum antibody titres did not correlate with the elimination of the oral contaminant from the intestines. Therefore, we conclude that the CR is not IgG nor IgM antibody mediated.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Apperloo-Renkema HZ,van der Waaij Ddoi
10.1017/s0950268800049311subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-12-01 00:00:00pages
619-26issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Interactions between pathogens and hosts at the population level should be considered when studying the effectiveness of control measures for infectious diseases. The advantage of doing transmission experiments compared to field studies is that they offer a controlled environment in which the effect of a single factor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880600673X
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In December 2008, three hospitalized cases of suspected psittacosis infection were notified by respiratory disease clinicians from a local hospital to the Regional Epidemiology Unit of Pays de la Loire, France. They all had attended a bird fair. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among exhibitors and organizer...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000409
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nebovirus is a new genus of viruses belonging to the Caliciviridae family recently characterized in cattle, and is associated with gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhoea, anorexia and intestinal lesions particularly in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of neboviruses in Brazilian c...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000029
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the co-circulation of a new lineage of measles virus (MV) and an Edmonston-like (Ed-like) genotype of MV in China during 1995-7. Sequence analysis of 25 strains was performed on a 282 nucleotides (nt) region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene, a 450-nt region of the haemagglutinin (H) gene and a 152-nt region of ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001666
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first study to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile and particularly that associated with a recently recognized epidemic strain. We DNA fingerprinted all C. difficile isolates from the stools of patients with symptomatic antibiotic-associated diar...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880100557x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. One approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. We used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and viral neutra...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000583
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between March and July 2003, 671 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were diagnosed in Taiwan with a total of 84 fatalities. After the epidemic, a serological survey was conducted involving the asymptomatic household contacts. Household contacts of 13 index patients were enrolled in the study. Contact hi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805004541
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined multistate outbreaks attributed to raw tomatoes in the United States from 1990 to 2010. We summarized the demographic and epidemiological characteristics of 15 outbreaks resulting in 1959 illnesses, 384 hospitalizations, and three deaths. Most (80%) outbreaks were reported during 2000-2010; 73% occurred Ma...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814002167
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain insight into mumps immunity 9 years after introduction of vaccination in The Netherlands, antibodies were measured in a national sample (n = 8298) and in clustered religious groups with low vaccine acceptance (n = 254). All sera were tested by indirect ELISA, and agreement with neutralization assay was asses...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803008641
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite being widely recognized as a significant public health problem there are surprisingly few contemporary data available on the incidence of pneumonia in the UK. We conducted a general population-based cohort study to determine the incidence of pneumonia in general practice in the United Kingdom. Data were obtain...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001428
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrimination index was applied to assess the value of biotyping and resistotyping, used alone or together, for the subspecific discrimination of Escherichia coli. The index was high when 599 strains from a wide variety of sources were examined by full biotyping with 10 tests. Although the discrimination achieved w...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880004975x
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Q fever outbreak was declared in February 2016 in a company that manufactures hoists and chains and therefore with no apparent occupational-associated risk. Coxiella burnetii infection was diagnosed by serology in eight of the 29 workers of the company; seven of them had fever or flu-like signs and five had pneumoni...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817000796
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty strains of V. vulnificus isolated from the environment were investigated for characteristics related to their infectivity such as colonial morphology, enzymatic activity and animal assays. The presence of DNase, chitinase, amylase, lecithinase and gelatinase was observed in 100% of the strains, haemolytic activ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049979
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Australia's National Immunisation Program (NIP) provides free influenza vaccination for children at high risk of severe influenza; a pilot-funded programme for vaccine in all children aged 6 months to <5 years in one of eight states, has seen poor vaccine impact, related to recent vaccine safety concerns. This retrosp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816003381
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mumps outbreaks in recent years have given rise to questions about the effectiveness of the mumps vaccine. This study examined the epidemiological data from a recent mumps outbreak in Israel and from outbreaks in other countries with high vaccination coverage, and considered whether long-established vaccination polici...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881100063X
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notification rate of Legionnaires' disease (LD) in France was 2.4/100 000 population in 2010, varying across regions with an increasing rate from west to east. Two sources [mandatory notifications (MN) and a survey of hospital laboratories] were used in a capture-recapture study to estimate the number of LD cases ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813000502
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARYA prospective cohort study with a 1-year telephone follow-up was performed to estimate the incidence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in hip and knee prostheses. Twenty-five public hospitals equipped with orthopaedic units in two Italian regions were involved. An 8-month surveillance period was set to obtain ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001627
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Northern Territory of Australia has had historically very high incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease greatest among Aboriginal infants less than 12 months. This study documents the impact of conjugate Hib vaccines introduc...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005155
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007422
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A national, population-based laboratory surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in Finland was performed. Blood-culturing rates were determined from data from clinical microbiology laboratories and trends in rates were evaluated using Poisson regression. During 1995-2002, 51,510 cases of BSI were notified; the an...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008138
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, two sheep, eight dromedary camels and two Bactrian camels were inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A SAU 22/92. Five naive dromedary camels and four sheep were kept in direct or indirect contact with the inoculated camels. The inoculated sheep, which served as positive controls, dis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001088
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In N'Djamena, capital of Chad, measles vaccination coverage of 12-23-month-old children fell from 61% in 1990 to 15% in 1993. A community survey of measles after an outbreak in 1993 showed that among children < 5 years of age, the mean monthly attack rate was 37 per 1,000 (95% CI, 32-43) and the mean case fatality rat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005843x
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between January and March 1992, 361 faecal specimens were collected from the healthy black population in the Transvaal Province of South Africa. Each specimen was examined for the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria. Volunteers, from both rural and urban dwellings, were divided into four age g...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800056922
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic Vibrio species are naturally-occurring bacteria in freshwater and saline aquatic environments. Counts of free-living bacteria in water are generally less than required to induce disease. Increases in number of organisms towards an infective dose can occur as water temperatures rise seasonally followed by gr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030326
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, reports on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in food production animals were mainly limited to occasional detections in dairy cattle mastitis. However, since 2005 a MRSA clone, CC398, has been reported colonizing pigs, veal calves and broiler chickens and infecting dairy cows. Many asp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991567
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing serious illness and death was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of 1989-90. A retros...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005874x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of non-culturable forms of Campylobacter spp., especially with regard to the epidemiology of this organism in poultry flocks, was explored. Two different experiments were conducted to produce non-culturable Campylobacter spp. and test their ability to colonize the animal gut. In the first experiment a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059124
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The seasonality of canine births was investigated using records from the Kennel Club and the breeding centre for the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association. In these populations a distinct seasonal pattern was found with a greater number of puppies being born in the summer months than the winter. The hypothesis that the...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800068199
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin D has been shown to be an important immune system regulator. Vitamin D insufficiency during winter may cause increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections (URIs). To determine whether vitamin D supplementation during the winter season prevents or decreases URI symptoms, 162 adults were randomi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002404
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The introduction and the widespread use of the varicella vaccine in Taiwan has led to a 75-80% decrease in the incidence of varicella in children. However the vaccine's long-term impact on the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) has attracted attention. By controlling gender, underlying diseases, and age effects, a Poisso...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811001786
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00