Abstract:
:Pathogenic Vibrio species are naturally-occurring bacteria in freshwater and saline aquatic environments. Counts of free-living bacteria in water are generally less than required to induce disease. Increases in number of organisms towards an infective dose can occur as water temperatures rise seasonally followed by growth and concentration of bacteria on higher animals, such as chitinous plankton, or accumulation by shellfish and seafood. Pathogenic Vibrio species must elaborate a series of virulence factors to elicit disease in humans. Activities which predispose diarrhoeal and extraintestinal infections include ingestion of seafood and shellfish and occupational or recreational exposure to natural aquatic environments, especially those above 20 degrees C. Travel to areas endemic for diseases due to pathogenic Vibrio species may be associated with infections. Host risk factors strongly associated with infections are lack of gastric acid and liver disorders. Involvement of pathogenic Vibrio species in cases of diarrhoea should be suspected especially if infection is associated with ingestion of seafood or shellfish, raw or undercooked, in the previous 72 h. Vibrio species should be suspected in any acute infection associated with wounds sustained or exposed in the marine or estuarine environment. Laboratories serving coastal areas where infection due to pathogenic Vibrio species are most likely to occur should consider routine use of TCBS agar and other detection regimens for culture of Vibrio species from faeces, blood and samples from wound and ear infections.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
West PAdoi
10.1017/s0950268800030326subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
1-34issue
1eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
103pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007422
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A better understanding of physician practices in requesting stool samples for patients with acute gastroenteritis (AG) is needed to more accurately interpret laboratory-based surveillance data. A survey was conducted in General Practitioners (GPs) between August 2013 and July 2014 to estimate the proportion of stool s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003884
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increased prevalence of hepatitis B and C in most migrant groups in The Netherlands, a national screening policy for these infections is not available. In order to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in the largest group of first-generation migrants (FGM) in The Netherlands, we conducted a screeni...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811001270
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following Campylobacter jejuni infection (CI) we studied three populations where outbreaks of CI had occurred involving an estimated 8000 cases. No case of GBS was detected in the 6 months following the outbreaks in the local populations. The point estimate fo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001861
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To identify predictive factors and mortality of patients with influenza admitted to intensive care units (ICU) we carried out a prospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in adult ICUs in a network of Canadian hospitals between 2006 and 2012. There were 626 influenza-positive...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815002113
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medico-legal death investigation systems have the potential to play an important role in disease surveillance. While these systems are in place to serve a public function, the degree to which they are independent of central government can vary depending on jurisdiction. How these systems use this independence may pres...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002840
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the 10-year period 1978-87 there were 48 outbreaks of food poisoning in Scottish hospitals affecting a total of 2287 persons of whom 12 died. This compared with 50 outbreaks during the previous 5 years (1973-77) when over 1500 persons and 7 deaths were recorded. Although the incidence of outbreaks has decreased...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880002954x
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions - depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in l...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000133
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial use in pig farming is influenced by a range of risk factors, including herd characteristics, biosecurity level, farm performance, occurrence of clinical signs and vaccination scheme, as well as farmers' attitudes and habits towards antimicrobial use. So far, the effect of these risk factors has been expl...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000742
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing serious illness and death was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of was determined in an elderly population during the influenza epidemic of 1989-90. A retros...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005874x
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemiology among residents of a rural agricultural plantation in Kericho, Kenya was studied. HIV-1 prevalence was 14.3%, and was higher among women (19.1%) than men (11.3%). Risk factors associated with HIV-1 for men were age (>or=25 years), marital history (one or more ma...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009028
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous respiratory tract infections (RTI) and antibiotics consumption as possible risk factors for extended duration of PRP carriage were investigated in 24 children (cases) with previous carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) for a duration exceeding 120 days (median 168 days) and a control group of 53 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001599
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the USA. After the widespread surge of virus activity across the USA, research has flourished, and our knowledge base has significantly expanded over the past 10 years since WNV was first recognized in New York City. This article provides a review of the virology of WNV, history...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000185
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carrion is a major source of botulinal toxin for animals. A type D strain of Clostridium botulinum differed from type A and B strains in producing (1) much higher concentrations of toxin in putrefying mouse carcasses at several different temperatures over a period of 35 days, (2) toxicity that sometimes persisted in m...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051761
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analysed a cross-sectional telephone survey of U.S. adults to assess the impact of selected characteristics on healthcare-seeking behaviours and treatment practices of people with influenza-like illness (ILI) from September 2009 to March 2010. Of 216,431 respondents, 8.1% reported ILI. After adjusting for selected ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813000654
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to develop a method for identifying newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TB) patients at risk for TB adverse events in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Surveillance data between 2006 and 2013 (8431 subjects) was used to develop risk scores based on predictive modelling. The final models revealed that TB pati...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001911
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of carrier animals (those in whom virus persists after recovery from disease or acute infection) and their potential role in the spread of disease remain open questions within foot-and-mouth disease epidemiology. Using simple probabilistic models we attempt to quantify the effect of emergency vaccinatio...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002349
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody type 2 positive (MAB 2+) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) more often causes disease than do MAB 2- isolates, and there is evidence that MAB 2- LP1 grow less well in cells than do MAB 2+ bacteria. We tested the intracellular growth rates of ten randomly...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005723x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to limited data, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between obesity and coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Literature published between 1 January 2020 and 22 August 2020 was comprehensively analysed, and RevMan3.5 was used for data analysis. A total of 50 studies, including data on 18 260 378...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0950268820003027
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for IgG and IgM antibodies against influenza A and B virus are described. One hundred and seven subjects with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory infection (influenza, bronchitis or pneumonia) were selected for this study during two epidemics of influenza A which occurred in Finland in ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800066863
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the clinical characteristics of, and outcomes and risk factors for hospital mortality of 390 patients admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock in an intensive care unit (ICU). Prospectively collected data from patients collected between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2006 were analysed. Overall hos...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002027
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This nested case-control study investigated the risk factors for gastroenteritis in a cohort using rainwater as their primary domestic water source. Consumption of beef [odds ratio (OR) 2·74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-4·80], handling of raw fresh chicken in the household (OR 1·52, 95% CI 1·02-2·29) and animal ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001159
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of the methylene blue test for the examination of cows milk was investigated in an inter-laboratory survey. A poor relationship was found between results of these tests and total viable counts. Coliforms were detected in a large number of pasteurized milks, indicating frequent post-pasteurization contamination...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800067121
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 23 August and 15 December 1990 an epidemic of cholera affected Mozambican refugees in Malawi causing 1931 cases (attack rate = 2.4%); 86% of patients had arrived in Malawi < 3 months before illness onset. There were 68 deaths (case-fatality rate = 3.5%); most deaths (63%) occurred within 24 h of hospital admis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268896007352
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients with severe invasive group-G streptococcal (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) infections has been increasing in Japan. The emm genotypes and SmaI-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA profiles were variable among the strains isolated, suggesting there has not been clonal exp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001262
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased population movements and increased mobility made it possible for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is mainly spread by respiratory droplets, to spread faster and more easily. This study tracked and analysed the development of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the top 100 cities...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820001703
更新日期:2020-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the distribution of phenotypes of campylobacter strains in sewage and surface waters was investigated by subtyping and by speciation of isolates from various aquatic environments. These environments included two municipal sewage plants (SPA and SPB) and waste water from a poultry abattoir (WWA). Both the...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058647
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) has been known to affect elephants for thousands of years. It was put into spotlight when few circus elephants were diagnosed carrying Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. Because of the zoonotic risk and high susceptibility to M. tuberculosis, periodic testing was enacted since, in captive breeding prog...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000122
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. In response to this food safety threat the British pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. It is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008485
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twelve non-replicate Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from five European hospitals, Kuwait, and the US military healthcare system collected between 1980 and 2005 revealed a new clone, CC32. These included representative isolates of outbreaks/cross-infections. Antimicrobial susceptibility and carbapenem-resistant genet...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813002288
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00