Abstract:
:During the 10-year period 1978-87 there were 48 outbreaks of food poisoning in Scottish hospitals affecting a total of 2287 persons of whom 12 died. This compared with 50 outbreaks during the previous 5 years (1973-77) when over 1500 persons and 7 deaths were recorded. Although the incidence of outbreaks has decreased the average number of persons affected in outbreaks has increased. A marked reduction was seen in the incidence of outbreaks due to Clostridium perfringens, in contrast to foodborne salmonellosis which remains a problem. Thirty-four hospitals, of which 10 reported two or more outbreaks, were involved. The type of hospitals most frequently affected were general (14), psychiatric (13), geriatric (9) and hospitals for the mentally subnormal (7). Meat, including poultry meat, was incriminated in over 90% of outbreaks where a food vehicle was identified. In modern or re-equipped kitchens cooking in advance with subsequent reheating is being progressively discontinued as more food is being cooked on the day of consumption, a practice which may readily explain the decreasing incidence of outbreaks due to Cl. perfringens. Bacterial cross-contamination from poultry-meat and other raw foods, compounded by inadequate temperature control, however, continues to be a problem in some hospitals. It is too early as yet to determine whether the removal of Crown immunity will have any effect on the future incidence of hospital 'food poisoning'.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Collier PW,Sharp JC,MacLeod AF,Forbes GI,Mackay Fdoi
10.1017/s095026880002954xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-12-01 00:00:00pages
661-7issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Due to human error, drinking water supplied to a new housing estate in The Netherlands was contaminated with grey water. The cohort of 921 accidentally exposed households (area A) had a higher attack rate for diarrhoea (54.1%) than a non-exposed cohort of 1529 households from an adjacent area (B) (24%) (RR 2.3, 95% CI...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007497
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three sources of data (general practice episode data from the Weekly Returns Service of the Royal College of General Practitioners, national hospital admission data for England and national mortality data by date of death) were examined separately in each winter (1994/1995 to 1999/2000) to investigate the impact of in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804003231
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foodborne non-typhoidal salmonellosis causes approximately 1 million illnesses annually in the USA. In April 2015, we investigated a multistate outbreak of 65 Salmonella Paratyphi B variant L(+) tartrate(+) infections associated with frozen raw tuna imported from Indonesia, which was consumed raw in sushi. Forty-six (...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818001462
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a threatening pandemic with unprecedented consequences. Mobile technologies have led to a revolution in health and their applicability in the context of COVID-19 is promising. In this commentary, we provide an overview of t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820002435
更新日期:2020-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::During the period 1981-8 a clinical trial of a Q fever vaccine (Q-vax; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne) has been conducted in abattoir workers and other at-risk groups in South Australia. Volunteers in four abattoirs and visitors to the abattoirs were given one subcutaneous dose of 30 micrograms of a formal...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059458
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Available data sources on disease due to Bordetella pertussis, including notifications, hospital admissions, deaths, and an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance system commenced in January 1994, were reviewed for the period 1995-7. Pertussis notifications continued their approximately 3-year cycle although at histor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003052
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions - depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in l...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000133
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of non-culturable forms of Campylobacter spp., especially with regard to the epidemiology of this organism in poultry flocks, was explored. Two different experiments were conducted to produce non-culturable Campylobacter spp. and test their ability to colonize the animal gut. In the first experiment a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059124
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELI...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030028
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite being widely recognized as a significant public health problem there are surprisingly few contemporary data available on the incidence of pneumonia in the UK. We conducted a general population-based cohort study to determine the incidence of pneumonia in general practice in the United Kingdom. Data were obtain...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001428
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rising numbers of campylobacteriosis case notifications in Switzerland resulted in an increased attention to acute gastroenteritis (AG) in general. Patients with a laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter infection perceive their disease as severe and around 15% of these patients are hospitalized. This study aimed at estima...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001618
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The screening of 2000 women of childbearing age in Cork between 2004 and 2006 produced 37 erythromycin-resistant group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates. PCR analysis was performed to determine the basis for erythromycin resistance. The ermTR gene was most frequently expressed (n = 19), followed by the ermB gene (n = 8)....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990392
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally accepted that the reservoir hosts of cowpox virus are wild rodents, although direct evidence for this is lacking for much of the virus's geographic range. Here, through a combination of serology and PCR, we demonstrate conclusively that the main hosts in Great Britain are bank voles, wood mice and shor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002423
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Surgical site infections (SSI) are a significant cause of post-surgical morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify risk factors for infections following cesarean section (CS). A prospective study of SSI after CS was carried out from January 2014 to Decemb...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001675
更新日期:2019-10-10 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty progesterone-treated TO mice were infected intravaginally with Mycoplasma pulmonis. One month later, ten of the mice were given oestradiol which changed the reproductive cycle to the oestrous phase and within a week resulted in eradication of the organisms from six of them; vaginal persistence in the other mice...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800047749
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of trichinosis occurred during January 1995 in a south Lebanese village with a population of 800-1000 persons. The estimated number of persons treated for a Trichinella-like illness was 200. Sixty-three persons sought medical attention at a local infirmary: 44 of them were diagnosed as having trichinosis o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897007875
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of interferon A (rIFN-alpha 2A), an Escherichia coli-derived interferon, in the prophylaxis of acute upper respiratory tract infection, was evaluated in a community-based double-blind placebo-controlled study in the Australian winter of 1985. The trial population of 412 healthy volunteers (190 males and 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800029484
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Presence of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 in the waters of the rural area of Matlab, Bangladesh, was investigated with quantitative measurements performed with a portable flow cytometer. The relevance of this work relates to the testing of a field-adapted measurement protocol that might prove useful for chole...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003252
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rubella infections, notified by general practitioners on the basis of a clinical diagnosis, were investigated by testing blood and saliva samples for specific IgM. Overall 52 (29%) of 178 cases with appropriately timed blood specimens were confirmed as recent rubella by IgM serology. Only 2 (3%) of 74 cases in childre...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898008838
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the co-circulation of a new lineage of measles virus (MV) and an Edmonston-like (Ed-like) genotype of MV in China during 1995-7. Sequence analysis of 25 strains was performed on a 282 nucleotides (nt) region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene, a 450-nt region of the haemagglutinin (H) gene and a 152-nt region of ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001666
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for tem...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001820
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measured the prevalence and the risk factors associated with HCV antibody-positive prisoners. A total of 630 prisoners completed a questionnaire about risk behaviours associated with HCV transmission and were tested for HCV antibody from a blood test. Of these 362 (57.5%) prisoners were HCV antibody positiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001882
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This systematic review-meta-analysis appraises and summarizes all the available research (128 papers) on the zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. The latter has been debated for a century due to pathogenic and clinical similarities between Johne's disease in ruminants and Crohn's disease (1...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S095026881500076X
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1985 to 1988, a total of 2496 swine sera from 60 farms in the Tohoku District of the Honshu Island of Japan were examined for antibodies to swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), human coronavirus (HCV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV) by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Antibodies to HEV 67N s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002332
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tuberculosis (TB) has been known to affect elephants for thousands of years. It was put into spotlight when few circus elephants were diagnosed carrying Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. Because of the zoonotic risk and high susceptibility to M. tuberculosis, periodic testing was enacted since, in captive breeding prog...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268818000122
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the increased prevalence of hepatitis B and C in most migrant groups in The Netherlands, a national screening policy for these infections is not available. In order to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in the largest group of first-generation migrants (FGM) in The Netherlands, we conducted a screeni...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811001270
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leprosy is a granulomatous disease, infectious and transmissible, which affects the skin and peripheral nerves, having Mycobacterium leprae as causative agent. The manifestation of this disease causes cutaneous lesions, peripheral neuropathies and, in more extreme cases, may generate deformities and disabilities in af...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268818002145
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a review of published data concerning the epidemiology of measles in developing countries. Simple mathematical models provide a framework for data analysis and interpretation. The analyses highlight differences and similarities in the patterns of transmission of the measles virus in developed and d...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800065614
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in European countries. A computerized search of the Medline database from January 1966 to August 2006 for all zoonotic agents in European countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. F...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008527
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, microbiological, and pathological characteristics and the outcomes of skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI) caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Medical records of 50 patients with SSTI caused by NTM identified from 2005 to 2008 and 63 patients previously...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001603
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00