Abstract:
:Available data sources on disease due to Bordetella pertussis, including notifications, hospital admissions, deaths, and an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance system commenced in January 1994, were reviewed for the period 1995-7. Pertussis notifications continued their approximately 3-year cycle although at historically reduced levels. A slight seasonal increase in late summer/early autumn existed over and above a relatively constant background rate. Over time, the proportion of pertussis cases in younger, unvaccinated children, and to a lesser extent, adolescents and young adults, is increasing. There is a continuing significant and underreported mortality associated with pertussis in the very young age group. Disease due to serotype 1,2 is on the increase despite persistent high vaccination levels and this serotype causes more severe disease. The provision of preventative antibiotics prior to disease onset reduced the severity of the disease but its use remains uncommon in England and Wales. While overall levels of pertussis notifications have declined in recent times, vaccination efficacy wanes with increasing age, and pertussis remains a significant cause of mortality and severe morbidity in the very young. This could be reduced by timely booster vaccination and increased recognition of mild disease in older cases followed by early antibiotic therapy for the very young household contacts.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Van Buynder PG,Owen D,Vurdien JE,Andrews NJ,Matthews RC,Miller Edoi
10.1017/s0950268899003052subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-12-01 00:00:00pages
403-11issue
3eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
123pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Sera from an age-stratified sample of 4188 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in England and Wales in 1996, were tested for hepatitis A antibody. The serological profiles were consistent with declining incidence in the past. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the serol...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880200701x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Rajahmundry town in India, 234 community cases of jaundice were interviewed for risk factors of viral hepatitis B and tested for markers of hepatitis A-E. About 41% and 1.7% of them were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HCV respectively. Of 83 cases who were tested within 3 months of onset of jaundice, 5 (6%), 11 (13...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003854
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Argentina, bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) infection is common in dairy herds. The country currently has a National Voluntary Control Programme but relatively few farms have enrolled. However, there is increased interest from authorities and farmers to implement regional compulsory programmes but there is scarce quant...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007357
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging arbovirus that was first isolated in South Africa in 1959. This Flavivirus is maintained in the environment through a typical enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. USUV has spread to a large part of the European continent over the two decades mainly leading to substantial avi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001213
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei was determined in soil collected from a rural district in Papua New Guinea (PNG) where melioidosis had recently been described, predominately affecting children. In 274 samples, 2.6% tested culture-positive for B. pseudomallei. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SpeI d...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009429
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To study the occurrence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Pakistan, blood samples from 105 sequential patients with biopsy-proven CLD (n = 82) and HCC (n = 23) were tested for HBV and HCV markers. Of the 105, 87 (83...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800001503
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ruminants are considered the main reservoir for transmission of Coxiella burnetii (Cb) to humans. The implementation of effective control measures against Cb in ruminants requires knowledge about potential risk factors. The objectives of this study were (i) to describe the spatial distribution of Q fever-infected dair...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003926
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY This study assesses the contribution of different sources of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark using two different source-attribution approaches. In total, 794 non-human isolates and 406 isolates from human cases (domestic, travel related, and cases with unknown travel history) were collected. Isolates were ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813002719
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics and meteorological conditions. We used HFMD surveillance data of all 47 prefectures in Japan from January 2000 to December 2015. Spectral analysis was performed using the maximum entropy method (MEM) for tem...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817001820
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new epidemiologic typing method based on electrophoresis of esterases had been developed for differentiating between clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis. Twenty-two epidemiologically significant strains obtained from three Chest Units, a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and a Paediatric Unit were compared wit...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030946
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 598 isolates of Shigella species (24 S. dysenteriae, 254 S. flexneri, 30 S. boydii, 290 S. sonnei) submitted to the Ontario Public Health Laboratories in 1990 were tested for their susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Overall 79.6% of isolates were resistant to one or more ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050457
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over 10% of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis (ARGE) requires hospitalization because of complications. The aggravating factors have been widely analysed, but in an isolated way. We aimed to explore the interrelationship between the clinical and epidemiological factors that characterize rotavirus hospitalizations in Spa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000881
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The world is currently confronting the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century [caused by a novel pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus]. Earlier pandemics have been characterized by age distributions that are distinct from those observed with seasonal influenza epidemics, with higher attack rates (and correspondingl...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810000579
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequence of 165 nucleotides at the 3' end of the 1D (VP1) gene of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus was determined for 44 type Asia 1 strains isolated from throughout Asia between 1954-92. Analysis of the relationships between the virus genomes showed epidemiological links not previously evident. The possible ori...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800057587
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent resurgence in serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been observed in the United Kingdom. More information on Hib transmission in the population is required in order to better understand the mechanism of this increase. The Public Health Laboratory Service (subsumed into the Health P...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002122
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lymphocyte profile of 521 HIV-infected subjects hospitalized at Jackson Memorial (2001-2002) was compared across main respiratory diseases. Study data included medical history and all laboratory evaluations performed during hospitalization. Community-acquired pneumonias (CAP, 52%), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805005030
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus (NV) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, but is also frequently detected in asymptomatic children, which complicates the interpretation of NV detection results in both the clinical setting and population prevalence studies. A total of 807 faecal samples from children aged <5 years hos...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881500059X
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent polio outbreaks in Syria and Ukraine, and isolation of poliovirus from asymptomatic carriers in Israel have raised concerns that polio might endanger Europe. We devised a model to calculate the time needed to detect the first case should the disease be imported into Europe, taking the effect of vaccine coverage...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000078
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Portugal, the recommended age for the second dose of MMR (MMR2) was changed from 10-13 years to 5-6 years for those born in 1994 and afterwards. This study aimed to assess if MMR schedule and time elapsed from the last dose are associated with the concentration of rubella and mumps IgG antibodies. Three Portuguese ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001655
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::National health statistics report a 2·5-fold increase in laboratory-confirmed Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) cases over the last decade in Switzerland where no CT screening programme exists. We obtained essential denominator information to describe the epidemiology of CT in the canton of Basel-Stadt, an urban canton in no...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812002567
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1985 to 1988, a total of 2496 swine sera from 60 farms in the Tohoku District of the Honshu Island of Japan were examined for antibodies to swine haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), human coronavirus (HCV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV) by haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Antibodies to HEV 67N s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002332
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During an outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in Gloucester, UK between September 1989 and January 1991, 162 clinical cases were identified through notifications and laboratory reports, a monthly attack rate of 1.05 per 10,000 residents. The highest attack rate was seen in 5-14-year-olds. There were significant corr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We sought to systematically review the published literature describing the epidemiological aspects of the first wave of pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza in the Southern Hemisphere. Fifteen studies were included in this review, originating from South America, Australia or New Zealand, and Africa. Across the different st...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002037
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To gain insight into pertussis disease dynamics, we studied age-specific long-term periodicity and seasonality of pertussis in The Netherlands. Hierarchical time-series models were used to analyse the monthly reported pertussis incidence in January 1996-June 2006 by age group. The incidence of pertussis showed a sligh...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002489
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In March 2020, China had periodically controlled the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) epidemic. We reported the results of health screening for COVID-19 among returned staff of a hospital and conducted a summary analysis to provide valuable experience for curbing the COVID-19 epidemic and rebound. In total, 4729 retu...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820002150
更新日期:2020-09-18 00:00:00
abstract::Thailand was a hyper-endemic country for dengue with co-circulation of four serotypes and tens of thousands of infected cases annually. Taking into consideration the large number of local dengue virus (DENV) sequences available in GenBank, Thailand was the most ideal locality to study co-evolution of DENV. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000908
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genomes of 34 recent United Kingdom isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C were examined by restriction enzyme digestion and by conventional and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Strains were assigned to groups on the basis of the Dice similarity coefficient; strains with values of > 92% were consid...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051463
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To obtain insight into mumps immunity 9 years after introduction of vaccination in The Netherlands, antibodies were measured in a national sample (n = 8298) and in clustered religious groups with low vaccine acceptance (n = 254). All sera were tested by indirect ELISA, and agreement with neutralization assay was asses...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803008641
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prevalence survey was conducted using tuberculin skin test (TST) and Quantiferon test (QFT) in 1218 healthcare workers (HCWs) in Medellín, Colombia. In order to improve the prevalence estimates, a latent class model was built using a Bayesian approach with informative priors on t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816003150
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to limited data, we conducted a meta-analysis to re-evaluate the relationship between obesity and coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19). Literature published between 1 January 2020 and 22 August 2020 was comprehensively analysed, and RevMan3.5 was used for data analysis. A total of 50 studies, including data on 18 260 378...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1017/S0950268820003027
更新日期:2020-12-22 00:00:00