Abstract:
:A recent resurgence in serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been observed in the United Kingdom. More information on Hib transmission in the population is required in order to better understand the mechanism of this increase. The Public Health Laboratory Service (subsumed into the Health Protection Agency since April 2004) conducted four cross-sectional studies of asymptomatic oropharyngeal Hib carriage in children attending day-care nurseries in England and Wales in 1992, 1994, 1997 and 2002. These demonstrated a marked reduction in the prevalence of Hib colonization over time since vaccine introduction (3.98% in 1992; 0.70% in 1994; 0% in 1997; 0% in 2002), which did not explain the increase in invasive disease reports from 1999 onwards. We believe that a reduction in antibody levels over the first 5 years of life in immunized children in recent years has fuelled the rise in reported cases in the absence of an obvious increase in transmission.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
McVernon J,Howard AJ,Slack MP,Ramsay MEdoi
10.1017/s0950268804002122subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
765-7issue
4eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We report the molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with resistance to tigecycline and to daptomycin isolated from intensive-care-unit patients in Brazil over a 6-month period. Thirty-six isolates (25 from infection sites, 11 from nasal sites) recovered from 23 patients who p...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813001325
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the joint association of patient and strain characteristics with the outcome of meningococcal disease (MD), data were collected on 563 consecutive cases of MD reported between 1989 and 1990 in The Netherlands. The meningococcal isolates were characterized with regard to their surface characteristics. Se...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800057472
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral disease of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate if lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000805
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY We previously revealed that Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) seroprevalence was 4.5% in pigs on Ishigaki Island from 2005 to 2007. However, a partial E gene sequence (151 bp) of the JEV genome (JEV/sw/Ishigaki/1/2005) was detected in one pig. Phylogenetic analysis showed that JEV/sw/Ishigaki/1/2005 belonged t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813001611
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody type 2 positive (MAB 2+) Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) more often causes disease than do MAB 2- isolates, and there is evidence that MAB 2- LP1 grow less well in cells than do MAB 2+ bacteria. We tested the intracellular growth rates of ten randomly...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880005723x
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyse sociodemographic, viroimmunological and clinical parameters in different HIV-transmission categories at baseline and during treatment, 3039 patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of a nelfinavir-based regimen. Multiple baseline parameters were significantly different in the diverse cat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991282
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARY This study assesses the contribution of different sources of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark using two different source-attribution approaches. In total, 794 non-human isolates and 406 isolates from human cases (domestic, travel related, and cases with unknown travel history) were collected. Isolates were ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813002719
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade, a declining prevalence of HCV infection has been described in injecting drug users (IDUs) in different countries. This study is the first to assess temporal trends in drug-injecting patterns, HCV infection rates and viral genotype distribution in 770 Brazilian IDUs, recruited by two cross-sectional...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001970
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The significance of non-culturable forms of Campylobacter spp., especially with regard to the epidemiology of this organism in poultry flocks, was explored. Two different experiments were conducted to produce non-culturable Campylobacter spp. and test their ability to colonize the animal gut. In the first experiment a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059124
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the evaluation of a bancroftian filariasis control programme undertaken in Pondicherry from 1981-5. Integrated vector management was applied in one half of the town, and routine operations under the national programme (larviciding and chemotherapy) continued in the comparison area. The programme ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800031095
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the first sentinel site (Waterloo Region, Ontario) of the Canadian Integrated Enteric Disease Surveillance System (C-EnterNet) were used in a secondary-based case-control study of laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infections to study the role of various exposure factors. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990197
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 displays striking variability across the Scottish cattle population. On 78% of farms, in a cross-sectional survey of 952, no shedding of E. coli O157 was detected, but on a small proportion, approximately 2%, very high prevalences of infection were found (with 90-100% of pats sa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268805004590
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000-2004 from the Que...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001647
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Historically, the highest incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in the world were found in North American and Australian Indigenous children. Although immunization against H. influenzae type b (Hib) led to a marked decrease in invasive Hib disease in countries where it was implemented, this diseas...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000405
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus (RABV) strains circulating in animal populations in Bhutan, and investigate potential origins of these viruses. Twenty-three RABV isolates originating from dogs and other domestic animals were characterized by sequencing the partial nucleoprotein (N) gene (39...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002682
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This descriptive study investigated an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) and their contacts. Twenty-seven cases of acute HAV infection were identified in a 5-month period. Connections with the local injecting drug using (IDU) population were established for 25 of the cases...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006185
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This nested case-control study investigated the risk factors for gastroenteritis in a cohort using rainwater as their primary domestic water source. Consumption of beef [odds ratio (OR) 2·74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-4·80], handling of raw fresh chicken in the household (OR 1·52, 95% CI 1·02-2·29) and animal ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001159
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine the association between farm management factors, including antimicrobial drug usage, and resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from the faeces of white veal calves. Ninety E. coli isolates from one pooled sample per farm (n = 48) were tested for their phenotypical res...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268813002665
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and risk factors for HIV infection in various population subgroups in Ethiopia. Serum panels from blood donors (n = 2610), from various population subgroups in Ethiopia were tested for anti-HIV-1/2 by ELISA. All ELISA repeatedly reactive samples were subjected f...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006604
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) worldwide and has been associated with IPD outbreaks, while carriage is rarely detected in healthy adults or children. This study details an Australian multi-state and territory outbreak of serotype 1 S. pneumoniae IPD between 2010 a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000648
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous respiratory tract infections (RTI) and antibiotics consumption as possible risk factors for extended duration of PRP carriage were investigated in 24 children (cases) with previous carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) for a duration exceeding 120 days (median 168 days) and a control group of 53 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001599
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite many years of state-sponsored efforts to eradicate the disease from cattle through testing and slaughter, bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is still regarded as the most important and complex of animal health challenges facing the British livestock agricultural industry. This paper provides a historical analysis of th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815000291
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotype of HCV was determined in 161 chronic HCV-infected patients. The patients were classified into three groups on the basis of the origin of the HCV infection: 50 patients had a history of intravenous drug use (IVDU) but no HIV infection; 41 patients had received blood transfusions, and 70 patients had no kno...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059227
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial-temporal patterns of measles incidence reflect the spatial distribution of human hosts. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of communities has been shown to introduce spatially dependent temporal lags in the timing of measles incidence. Incidence patterns reflect internal dynamics within a community and cou...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807009193
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the incidence of cases of nosocomial pathogens and risk factors in an intensive treatment unit ward to determine if the number of cases is dependent on location of patients and the colonization/infection history of the ward. A clustering approach method was developed to investigate the patterns of spre...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026880999094X
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a well-established cause of traveller's diarrhoea and occasional domestic foodborne illness outbreaks in the USA. Although ETEC are not detected by conventional stool culture methods used in clinical laboratories, syndromic culture-independent diagnostic tests (CIDTs) capable...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820001934
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large outbreaks of Q fever in The Netherlands have provided a unique opportunity for studying longitudinal serum antibody responses in patients. Results are presented of a cohort of 344 patients with acute symptoms of Q fever with three or more serum samples per patient. In all these serum samples IgM and IgG against ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000404
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2005, a serological study was carried out on horses in five ecologically contrasted zones of the Senegal River basin (Senegal) to assess West Nile virus (WNV) transmission and investigate underlying environmental risk factors. In each study zone, horses were randomly selected and blood samples taken. A land-cover m...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881000035X
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to provide a quantitative description of decay in pertussis antibody levels to aid in finding a serological estimate of the incidence of pertussis. The serum IgG response against pertussis toxin was studied in a group of clinically diagnosed patients. Individual records consisted of repeated serum IgG measure...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007896
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unlinked anonymous study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in emergency department (ED) attendees at a London Hospital. Nine hundred and ninety-seven samples collected over a 12-day period were tested for HCV antibody (Ab) and reactive samples were further tested for HCV ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815000199
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00