The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in human faecal flora in South Africa.

abstract：:We systematically investigated risk factors for typhoid fever in Kamalapur, a poor urban area of Bangladesh, to inform targeted public health measures for its control. We interviewed patients with typhoid fever and two age-matched controls per case about exposures during the 14 days before the onset of illness. The mu...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ram PK,Naheed A,Brooks WA,Hossain MA,Mintz ED,Breiman RF,Luby SP

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study reports the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in hospitalized children in Cyprus over three successive seasons (2010-2013) and the association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity. RSV infections had a circulation pattern from December to March. Most RSV-positive children (83%) w...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Panayiotou C,Richter J,Koliou M,Kalogirou N,Georgiou E,Christodoulou C

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, th...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pedersen K,Pabilonia KL,Anderson TD,Bevins SN,Hicks CR,Kloft JM,Deliberto TJ

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and risk factors for HIV infection in various population subgroups in Ethiopia. Serum panels from blood donors (n = 2610), from various population subgroups in Ethiopia were tested for anti-HIV-1/2 by ELISA. All ELISA repeatedly reactive samples were subjected f...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Sentjens RE,Sisay Y,Vrielink H,Kebede D,Adèr HJ,Leckie G,Reesink HW

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirical data about contact frequencies of children is needed for estimating parameters in mathematical modelling studies that investigate the effect of targeting influenza intervention to children. A survey about the social contacts of school children was conducted in a primary school in Germany. The distribution of...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mikolajczyk RT,Akmatov MK,Rastin S,Kretzschmar M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both case-ascertained household studies, in which households are recruited after an 'index case' is identified, and household cohort studies, where a household is enrolled before the start of the epidemic, may be used to test and estimate the protective effect of interventions used to prevent influenza transmission. A...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Klick B,Nishiura H,Leung GM,Cowling BJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the first sentinel site (Waterloo Region, Ontario) of the Canadian Integrated Enteric Disease Surveillance System (C-EnterNet) were used in a secondary-based case-control study of laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infections to study the role of various exposure factors. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pintar KD,Pollari F,Waltner-Toews D,Charron DF,McEwen SA,Fazil A,Nesbitt A

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Samples from 2427 cattle, 661 goats, 104 sheep, 98 camels and 82 horses were screened for brucella infections by the Rose Bengal Test and positive reactors confirmed by the complement fixation test. In cattle, the highest individual seroprevalence was in dairy herds kept under the intensive husbandry system, with an i...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Omer MK,Skjerve E,Holstad G,Woldehiwet Z,Macmillan AP

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following an extensive contact tracing exercise at a school in a London borough with one of highest tuberculosis (TB) rates in England, we estimated the background prevalence of latent TB infection to be significantly less than the widely accepted 10%. We screened 271 pupils aged 14-15 years in two groups: 96 pupils i...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Anaraki S,Bell AJ,Perkins S,Murphy S,Dart S,Anderson C

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe here an examination of the validity of molecular types of Campylobacter jejuni as defined by separation of SmaI-digested DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), recently suggested as part of a molecular subtyping scheme. Thirty-four Danish strains from humans, water, poultry and cattle were assi...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： On SL,Nielsen EM,Engberg J,Madsen M

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the clinical characteristics of, and outcomes and risk factors for hospital mortality of 390 patients admitted with severe sepsis or septic shock in an intensive care unit (ICU). Prospectively collected data from patients collected between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2006 were analysed. Overall hos...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Khwannimit B,Bhurayanontachai R

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this retrospective study, we describe and analyse Salmonella data from four livestock species in Great Britain between 1983 and 2014, focusing on Salmonella Typhimurium. A total of 96 044 Salmonella isolates were obtained during the study period. S. Typhimurium was the predominant serovar isolated from cattle and p...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mueller-Doblies D,Speed KCR,Kidd S,Davies RH

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eradication of poliomyelitis most likely will occur. In fact, it is almost gone from the Western Hemisphere. Health workers in Sweden, Finland, and the Netherlands routinely vaccinate almost all children with the inactivated poliovaccines (IPV). Despite good vaccination coverage, polio can still occur. For example...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Melnick JL

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Dutch and modified Hald source attribution models were adapted to Italian Salmonella data to attribute human infections caused by the top 30 serotypes between 2002 and 2010 to four putative sources (Gallus gallus, turkeys, pigs, ruminants), at the points of animal reservoir (farm), exposure (food), and both combin...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mughini-Gras L,Barrucci F,Smid JH,Graziani C,Luzzi I,Ricci A,Barco L,Rosmini R,Havelaar AH,VAN Pelt W,Busani L

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELI...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Singh PB,Sreenivasan MA,Pavri KM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The epidemiological target of lockdowns is to drive down the effective reproduction number (Rt) to less than 1. A key unknown is the duration that lockdowns need to be in place to achieve this and which lockdown measures are effective. Daily number of laboratory confirmed community coronavirus 2019 cases were extracte...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Yung CF,Saffari E,Liew C

更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in the frequency of serogroup B non serotypable (B:NT) meningococci isolated in England and Wales were investigated by T-track fingerprint analysis, DNA nucleotide sequence determination, and serotyping by whole cell ELISA and dot blot assay. Seventy-three per cent of the isolates designated as B:NT by the Men...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Urwin R,Feavers IM,Jones DM,Maiden MC,Fox AJ

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present the results from a novel surveillance system for detecting excess all-cause mortality by age group in England and Wales developed during the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 period from April 2009 to March 2010. A Poisson regression model was fitted to age-specific mortality data from 1999 to 2008 and used t...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hardelid P,Andrews N,Pebody R

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection of beef calves at weaning, prior to arrival at the feedlot or mixing with cattle from other sources. Fifteen range cow-calf herds, which weaned calves in October and November, were sampled in Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska a...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Laegreid WW,Elder RO,Keen JE

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noroviruses are an important aetiological agent of acute gastroenteritis. They are responsible for large outbreaks of disease in the community, hospitals and long-term-care facilities. The clinical manifestations of norovirus outbreaks in psychiatric units are rarely described. The disease burden and impact highlight ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tseng CY,Chen CH,Su SC,Wu FT,Chen CC,Hsieh GY,Hung CH,Fung CP

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the prevalence of mumps antibodies in the Israeli population in relation to mumps vaccination policy and past and subsequent incidence of disease. The levels of specific IgG antibodies against mumps were tested in 3330 residual sera collected during 1997-1998 from an age-stratified population sample. Again...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Muhsen Kh,Aboudy Y,Mendelson E,Green MS,Cohen D

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the opportunistic pathogen mostly implicated in folliculitis and acute otitis externa in pools and hot tubs. Nevertheless, infection risks remain poorly quantified. This paper reviews disease aetiologies and bacterial skin colonization science to advance dose-response theory development. Thre...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Roser DJ,van den Akker B,Boase S,Haas CN,Ashbolt NJ,Rice SA

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report an evaluation of the accuracy of ELISA for the detection of Leptospira-specific antibodies in humans. Eighty-eight studies published in 35 articles met all inclusion criteria and were submitted to meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0·779 (95% CI 0·770-0·789) and 0·913 (95% CI 0·908-0·917)...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Signorini ML,Lottersberger J,Tarabla HD,Vanasco NB

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The occupational risk of acquiring minor respiratory infections for paediatric student nurses was estimated by performing serological examinations with influenza A, B, C, parainfluenza, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae at 6-month intervals over a period of 4 years in paediatric ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Gerth HJ,Grüner C,Müller R,Dietz K

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria with a view of generating evidence to enhance planning and response strategies. A national surveillance dataset between 27 February and 6 June 2020 was retrospectively analysed, with confirmatory testing for COVID-19 done by real-time ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Elimian KO,Ochu CL,Ilori E,Oladejo J,Igumbor E,Steinhardt L,Wagai J,Arinze C,Ukponu W,Obiekea C,Aderinola O,Crawford E,Olayinka A,Dan-Nwafor C,Okwor T,Disu Y,Yinka-Ogunleye A,Kanu NE,Olawepo OA,Aruna O,Michael CA

更新日期：2020-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) within and between herds was studied on the island of Ameland, The Netherlands. There were 50 herds with 3300 head of cattle on the island. Herds were divided into three groups: (1) only containing seronegative cattle, (2) containing seronegative cattle and vaccinated seropo...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hage JJ,Schukken YH,Schols H,Maris-Veldhuis MA,Rijsewijk FA,Klaassen CH

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1996 to 2004, the incidence of Salmonella Javiana infections increased in FoodNet, the U.S. national active foodborne disease surveillance programme. Contact with amphibians and consumption of tomatoes have been associated with outbreaks of S. Javiana infection. To generate and test hypotheses about risk factors ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Clarkson LS,Tobin-D'Angelo M,Shuler C,Hanna S,Benson J,Voetsch AC

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influenza virus continues to pose a significant threat to public health throughout the world. Current avian influenza outbreaks in humans have heightened the need for improved surveillance and planning. Despite recent advances in the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, seasonal epidemics of influenza cont...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Fleming DM,Elliot AJ

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to estimate the healthcare usage and loss of productivity due to gastroenteritis in Australia using the National Gastroenteritis Survey II. In 2008-2009, 7578 participants across Australia were surveyed about infectious gastroenteritis by telephone interview. A gastroenteritis case was define...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Chen Y,Ford L,Hall G,Dobbins T,Kirk M

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreaks in pigs are associated with increased susceptibility of pigs to secondary bacterial infections, including Streptococcus suis - an important zoonotic pathogen causing bacterial meningitis in humans. This case-control study examined the association between h...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Huong VT,Thanh LV,Phu VD,Trinh DT,Inui K,Tung N,Oanh NT,Trung NV,Hoa NT,Bryant JE,Horby PW,Kinh NV,Wertheim HF

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00