Prevalence of and risk factors for HIV infection in blood donors and various population subgroups in Ethiopia.

abstract：:This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year....

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Eisenberg JN,Wade TJ,Hubbard A,Abrams DI,Leiser RJ,Charles S,Vu M,Saha S,Wright CC,Levy DA,Jensen P,Colford JM Jr

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fourteen people living in or near the city of Gloucester fell ill with Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup (SG) 1 between 27 August and 27 October 1986. Another patient had fallen ill on 30 May. Nine of the 15 were diagnosed retrospectively during a case finding exercise. There were three ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hunt DA,Cartwright KA,Smith MC,Middleton J,Bartlett CL,Lee JV,Dennis PJ,Harper D

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carrion is a major source of botulinal toxin for animals. A type D strain of Clostridium botulinum differed from type A and B strains in producing (1) much higher concentrations of toxin in putrefying mouse carcasses at several different temperatures over a period of 35 days, (2) toxicity that sometimes persisted in m...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ortiz NE,Smith GR

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most villagers in north-east Thailand carry water to their homes and store it in separate containers depending on its subsequent use. In one village, information on water use was collated with the bacteriological quality of stored water, water sources and fingertip-rinses. Stored water quality was a function of water-...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pinfold JV

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intradermal inoculation of four badgers with small numbers of Mycobacterium bovis resulted in localized lesions with ulceration which slowly healed by 5 months after inoculation. Lesions of generalized tuberculosis were seen in three badgers, one of which died at 17 months post-inoculation and in the remaining two...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Pritchard DG,Stuart FA,Brewer JI,Mahmood KH

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms, including wind. Simulation models, developed to predict the risk of airborne spread, have played an important part in decision making in some outbreaks. The amount of airborne virus excreted as well as the minimal infectious dose (MID) of FM...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Alexandersen S,Donaldson AI

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A discrimination index was applied to assess the value of biotyping and resistotyping, used alone or together, for the subspecific discrimination of Escherichia coli. The index was high when 599 strains from a wide variety of sources were examined by full biotyping with 10 tests. Although the discrimination achieved w...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Crichton PB,Old DC

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding infection dynamics in animal hosts is fundamental to managing spillover and emergence of zoonotic infections. Hendra virus is endemic in Australian pteropodid bat populations and can be lethal to horses and humans. However, we know little about the factors driving Hendra virus prevalence in resevoir bat ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Páez DJ,Giles J,McCallum H,Field H,Jordan D,Peel AJ,Plowright RK

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus (RABV) strains circulating in animal populations in Bhutan, and investigate potential origins of these viruses. Twenty-three RABV isolates originating from dogs and other domestic animals were characterized by sequencing the partial nucleoprotein (N) gene (39...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tenzin,Wacharapluesadee S,Denduangboripant J,Dhand NK,Dorji R,Tshering D,Rinzin K,Raika V,Dahal N,Ward MP

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:F4+ Escherichia coli is an important agent of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Piglets that express an adhesion site for F4+ E. coli in their small intestine (F4R+) shed higher numbers of F4+ E. coli than piglets lacking this site (F4R-). We hypothesized that F4R+ piglets are more infectious and more susceptible for...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Geenen PL,Van der Meulen J,Bouma A,De Jong MC

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effectiveness of environmental decontamination (ED) as a measure in the control of infectious diseases is controversial. This work quantifies the effectiveness of ED by analysing the transmission of pathogens from the environment to susceptible hosts in a Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible model. Analysis of the mod...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bani-Yaghoub M,Gautam R,Döpfer D,Kaspar CW,Ivanek R

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2000, 27 milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (IID) were reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC). These outbreaks represented a fraction (2%) of all outbreaks of foodborne origin (N = 1774) report...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Gillespie IA,Adak GK,O'Brien SJ,Bolton FJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) publishes guidelines regularly for the management of skin and soft tissue infections; however, the extent to which practice patterns follow these guidelines and if this can affect treatment failure rates is unknown. We observed the treatment failure rates from a multice...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Haran JP,Wilsterman E,Zeoli T,Goulding M,McLendon E,Clark MA

更新日期：2018-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent polio outbreaks in Syria and Ukraine, and isolation of poliovirus from asymptomatic carriers in Israel have raised concerns that polio might endanger Europe. We devised a model to calculate the time needed to detect the first case should the disease be imported into Europe, taking the effect of vaccine coverage...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Bencskó G,Ferenci T

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological data suggest a link between the consumption of bovine offal products and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection in Japan. This study thus examined the prevalence of STEC in various types of these foods. PCR screened 229 bovine offal products for the presence of Shiga toxin (stx)...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Asakura H,Saito E,Momose Y,Ekawa T,Sawada M,Yamamoto A,Hasegawa A,Iwahori J,Tsutsui T,Osaka K,Matsushita T,Kakinuma M,Motoyama K,Hayama Y,Kitamoto H,Igimi S,Kasuga F

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Sweden, acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) incidence, severity, impact on productivity, related healthcare usage and associated costs are not ascertained. We measured these in 2013-2014 using a population-based cohort reporting weekly. We defined AGI as ⩾3 episodes of loose stools or vomiting/24 h; or loose stool...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Edelstein M,Merk H,Deogan C,Carnahan A,Wallensten A

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review of the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland was carried out using data from laboratory-based systems during the period 1988-99. This comprised 5456 (90.8%) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, 467 (7.8%) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 84 (1.4%) from other sterile sites. Th...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Kyaw MH,Clarke S,Jones IG,Campbell H

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genomes of 34 recent United Kingdom isolates of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C were examined by restriction enzyme digestion and by conventional and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Strains were assigned to groups on the basis of the Dice similarity coefficient; strains with values of > 92% were consid...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Yakubu DE,Abadi FJ,Pennington TH

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Empirical data about contact frequencies of children is needed for estimating parameters in mathematical modelling studies that investigate the effect of targeting influenza intervention to children. A survey about the social contacts of school children was conducted in a primary school in Germany. The distribution of...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Mikolajczyk RT,Akmatov MK,Rastin S,Kretzschmar M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is decreasing in developed countries. In this study we included 22,612 patients in whom a first culture of gastric biopsy (routinely performed in our medical centres) yielded an interpretable result over a 20-year period (1988-2007) in Brussels. The effects of patients' ...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Miendje Deyi VY,Vanderpas J,Bontems P,Van den Borre C,De Koster E,Cadranel S,Burette A

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:American Samoa does not have a hepatitis B vaccination policy for healthcare personnel (HCP). Consequently, hepatitis B has remained a health threat to HCP. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study and examined demographic and risk information and hepatitis B vaccination, testing, and serostatus in hospital...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Ly KN,Roberts H,Williams RE,Masunu-Faleafaga Y,Drobeniuc J,Kamili S,Teshale EH

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Lyme borreliosis is increasingly diagnosed in the United Kingdom, few systematic studies have been performed there. UK data suggest that the commonest complications are neurological, but inadequate information exists about their nature and the incidence of late neuroborreliosis. Local data are necessary becau...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Lovett JK,Evans PH,O'Connell S,Gutowski NJ

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strongyloides stercoralis is rarely recognized as a major public health issue, probably because its burden is largely underestimated. We reviewed the literature (both PubMed and 'grey' literature) about the prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Latin America, an area of presumable high endemicity. There were finally 88 pa...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Buonfrate D,Mena MA,Angheben A,Requena-Mendez A,Muñoz J,Gobbi F,Albonico M,Gotuzzo E,Bisoffi Z,COHEMI Project Study Group.

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) among hospitalised children 8 months were at greater risk from influenza-associated ICU admissions and long hospital stay. Children with ADV had increased LOS across all ages. In the first 2 years of life, the effects of different viruse...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Prasad N,Trenholme AA,Huang QS,Thompson MG,Pierse N,Widdowson MA,Wood T,Seeds R,Taylor S,Grant CC,Newbern EC,SHIVERS team.

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forty-five human rabies virus isolates from a wide geographical area of Brazil were characterized using an anti-nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody panel and by partial nucleotide sequencing analysis of the nucleoprotein gene. Three major antigenic groups related to the antigenic variants maintained in domestic dogs, va...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Favoretto SR,de Mattos CC,de Mattos CA,Campos AC,Sacramento DR,Durigon EL

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To analyse sociodemographic, viroimmunological and clinical parameters in different HIV-transmission categories at baseline and during treatment, 3039 patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of a nelfinavir-based regimen. Multiple baseline parameters were significantly different in the diverse cat...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Collazos J,Asensi V,Carton JA,Grupo Español para el Estudio Multifactorial de la Adherencia (GEEMA).

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the 10-year period 1978-87 there were 48 outbreaks of food poisoning in Scottish hospitals affecting a total of 2287 persons of whom 12 died. This compared with 50 outbreaks during the previous 5 years (1973-77) when over 1500 persons and 7 deaths were recorded. Although the incidence of outbreaks has decreased...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Collier PW,Sharp JC,MacLeod AF,Forbes GI,Mackay F

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The patterns of disease caused by five common viruses which infect the respiratory tract are described. The viruses were strains of rhinovirus types 2, 9, and 14, a strain of coronavirus type 229E and of respiratory syncytial virus. Volunteers were given nasal drops containing a low infectious dose of one of the virus...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Tyrrell DA,Cohen S,Schlarb JE

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated which vaccination schedule gives best protection to the vaccinating population, in case there is a measles epidemic in an area with low vaccine coverage. We considered combinations of an early measles vaccination (none, at 6 months or at 9 months), a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination around the f...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： van den Hof S,Wallinga J,Widdowson MA,Conyn-van Spaendonck MA

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serum specimens were collected from 25 wild boars in Hiroshima prefecture located in the western region of Japan from November 2004 to February 2005. The sera were tested for antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by IgM capture and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutrali...

journal_title：Epidemiology and infection

authors： Hamano M,Lim CK,Takagi H,Sawabe K,Kuwayama M,Kishi N,Kurane I,Takasaki T

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00